Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare Databases
<b>Background</b>: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) can lead to severe and fatal outcomes. Vaccines against meningococcus (serogroups B, MenB; or ACWY, MenACWY) are recommended for patients at high risk of developing IMD. Our aim was to identify high-risk patients through a systemati...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/3/287 |
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| author | Rafael Ruiz-Montero Álvaro Serrano-Ortiz Mario Rivera-Izquierdo Piedad Galvache Murillo-Rico Ana Moñiz-Díez María Ángeles Onieva-García Eloy Girela-López Inmaculada Salcedo-Leal |
| author_facet | Rafael Ruiz-Montero Álvaro Serrano-Ortiz Mario Rivera-Izquierdo Piedad Galvache Murillo-Rico Ana Moñiz-Díez María Ángeles Onieva-García Eloy Girela-López Inmaculada Salcedo-Leal |
| author_sort | Rafael Ruiz-Montero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) can lead to severe and fatal outcomes. Vaccines against meningococcus (serogroups B, MenB; or ACWY, MenACWY) are recommended for patients at high risk of developing IMD. Our aim was to identify high-risk patients through a systematic search of medical codes and to evaluate vaccination coverage by high-risk group. <b>Methods</b>: An observational retrospective study was conducted in patients discharged at Reina Sofía University Hospital (Cordoba, Spain) from 1 January 2000, to 31 December 2023. Selection of high-risk patients was conducted through national administrative and clinical databases and vaccination coverage was determined through the Andalusian electronic vaccine database. Vaccine coverages of MenB and MenACWY were calculated within risk groups. Finally, bivariate analyses were conducted to assess the potential association between coverage, sex, and the year of admission. <b>Results</b>: A total of 2689 patients with 2710 high-risk conditions for IMD were identified from the databases searched. Of the 1755 requiring MenB vaccination, only 624 (35.6%) had received one dose and 558 (31.8%) two doses. Of the 2710 requiring MenACWY vaccination, only 784 (28.9%) had received one dose and 520 (19.2%) two doses. Patients with properdin-complement deficiencies showed the lowest vaccination rates (<10%). For the rest of the high-risk groups, vaccination coverages were significantly lower when the condition was diagnosed before the immunization guideline recommendations (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: The identification of high-risk patients through databases using R-coded algorithms is both feasible and effective for identifying and catching-up patients for vaccination. The population at risk of IMD lacks adequate meningococcal vaccination coverage. Our methodology can serve to identify patients in other regions and for different vaccines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d7cd6df78a1c41dfab3161f10602f84b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-d7cd6df78a1c41dfab3161f10602f84b2025-08-20T03:43:57ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-03-0113328710.3390/vaccines13030287Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare DatabasesRafael Ruiz-Montero0Álvaro Serrano-Ortiz1Mario Rivera-Izquierdo2Piedad Galvache Murillo-Rico3Ana Moñiz-Díez4María Ángeles Onieva-García5Eloy Girela-López6Inmaculada Salcedo-Leal7Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, SpainDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health Research Group, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, SpainSection of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain<b>Background</b>: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) can lead to severe and fatal outcomes. Vaccines against meningococcus (serogroups B, MenB; or ACWY, MenACWY) are recommended for patients at high risk of developing IMD. Our aim was to identify high-risk patients through a systematic search of medical codes and to evaluate vaccination coverage by high-risk group. <b>Methods</b>: An observational retrospective study was conducted in patients discharged at Reina Sofía University Hospital (Cordoba, Spain) from 1 January 2000, to 31 December 2023. Selection of high-risk patients was conducted through national administrative and clinical databases and vaccination coverage was determined through the Andalusian electronic vaccine database. Vaccine coverages of MenB and MenACWY were calculated within risk groups. Finally, bivariate analyses were conducted to assess the potential association between coverage, sex, and the year of admission. <b>Results</b>: A total of 2689 patients with 2710 high-risk conditions for IMD were identified from the databases searched. Of the 1755 requiring MenB vaccination, only 624 (35.6%) had received one dose and 558 (31.8%) two doses. Of the 2710 requiring MenACWY vaccination, only 784 (28.9%) had received one dose and 520 (19.2%) two doses. Patients with properdin-complement deficiencies showed the lowest vaccination rates (<10%). For the rest of the high-risk groups, vaccination coverages were significantly lower when the condition was diagnosed before the immunization guideline recommendations (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: The identification of high-risk patients through databases using R-coded algorithms is both feasible and effective for identifying and catching-up patients for vaccination. The population at risk of IMD lacks adequate meningococcal vaccination coverage. Our methodology can serve to identify patients in other regions and for different vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/3/287meningococcal infections<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>vaccinationvaccination coverageimmunization programs |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Ruiz-Montero Álvaro Serrano-Ortiz Mario Rivera-Izquierdo Piedad Galvache Murillo-Rico Ana Moñiz-Díez María Ángeles Onieva-García Eloy Girela-López Inmaculada Salcedo-Leal Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare Databases Vaccines meningococcal infections <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> vaccination vaccination coverage immunization programs |
| title | Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare Databases |
| title_full | Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare Databases |
| title_fullStr | Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare Databases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare Databases |
| title_short | Meningococcal Vaccination in High-Risk Patients: A Systematic Approach to Evaluating Coverage and Patient Catch-Up Through Healthcare Databases |
| title_sort | meningococcal vaccination in high risk patients a systematic approach to evaluating coverage and patient catch up through healthcare databases |
| topic | meningococcal infections <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> vaccination vaccination coverage immunization programs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/3/287 |
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