Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> Gene

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The incidence of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CZA)-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolate co-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) and Vietnamese extended-spectrum β-lactamase 25 (VEB-25) has been on the ris...

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Main Authors: Irene Galani, Ilias Karaiskos, Maria Souli, Vassiliki Papoutsaki, Aikaterini Gkoufa, Anastasia Antoniadou, Helen Giamarellou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/223
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author Irene Galani
Ilias Karaiskos
Maria Souli
Vassiliki Papoutsaki
Aikaterini Gkoufa
Anastasia Antoniadou
Helen Giamarellou
author_facet Irene Galani
Ilias Karaiskos
Maria Souli
Vassiliki Papoutsaki
Aikaterini Gkoufa
Anastasia Antoniadou
Helen Giamarellou
author_sort Irene Galani
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The incidence of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CZA)-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolate co-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) and Vietnamese extended-spectrum β-lactamase 25 (VEB-25) has been on the rise in Greece over the past five years. This study investigates the isolation of ST323 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates co-resistant to CZA and cefiderocol (FDC) from colonized and infected patients in a single hospital in Athens. <b>Methods:</b> CZA-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains were isolated from 5 ICU patients from 27 December 2023 to 22 January 2024. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against a panel of agents. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolates was carried out to identify the acquired resistance genes and mutations that were associated with CZA and FDC resistance. <b>Results:</b> The <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates belonged to ST323 and harbored <i>bla</i><sub>KPC-2</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub>. The isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 mg/L for CZA and 32 mg/L for FDC, due to the disrupted catecholate siderophore receptor Fiu. <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> was located on an IncC non-conjugative plasmid and on a ~14 kb multidrug resistance (MDR) region comprising 15 further acquired resistance genes. Transformation studies showed that the <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub>-carrying plasmid provided resistance to most of the β-lactams tested, including CZA. The isolates remained susceptible to carbapenems, imipenem/relebactam, and meropenem/vaborbactam. The plasmid harbored the citrate-dependent iron (III) uptake system (<i>fecIRABCDE</i>), which increased the MIC of FDC from ≤0.08 mg/L to 2 mg/L. <b>Conclusions:</b> The <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> gene was associated with IncC plasmids which are important contributors to the spread of key antibiotic resistance genes. Strict infection control measures must be elaborated upon to prevent the spread of extensively drug-resistant organisms such as those described here.
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spelling doaj-art-d7b483033bf74f7bbab222531ffd0c2f2025-08-20T02:11:25ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-02-0114322310.3390/antibiotics14030223Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> GeneIrene Galani0Ilias Karaiskos1Maria Souli2Vassiliki Papoutsaki3Aikaterini Gkoufa4Anastasia Antoniadou5Helen Giamarellou6Infectious Diseases Laboratory, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece1st Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Department, Hygeia General Hospital, 15123 Athens, GreeceDuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USAInfectious Diseases Laboratory, Hygeia General Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece1st Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Department, Hygeia General Hospital, 15123 Athens, GreeceInfectious Diseases Laboratory, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece1st Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases Department, Hygeia General Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The incidence of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CZA)-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolate co-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) and Vietnamese extended-spectrum β-lactamase 25 (VEB-25) has been on the rise in Greece over the past five years. This study investigates the isolation of ST323 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates co-resistant to CZA and cefiderocol (FDC) from colonized and infected patients in a single hospital in Athens. <b>Methods:</b> CZA-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains were isolated from 5 ICU patients from 27 December 2023 to 22 January 2024. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against a panel of agents. Whole-genome sequencing of the isolates was carried out to identify the acquired resistance genes and mutations that were associated with CZA and FDC resistance. <b>Results:</b> The <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates belonged to ST323 and harbored <i>bla</i><sub>KPC-2</sub> and <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub>. The isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 mg/L for CZA and 32 mg/L for FDC, due to the disrupted catecholate siderophore receptor Fiu. <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> was located on an IncC non-conjugative plasmid and on a ~14 kb multidrug resistance (MDR) region comprising 15 further acquired resistance genes. Transformation studies showed that the <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub>-carrying plasmid provided resistance to most of the β-lactams tested, including CZA. The isolates remained susceptible to carbapenems, imipenem/relebactam, and meropenem/vaborbactam. The plasmid harbored the citrate-dependent iron (III) uptake system (<i>fecIRABCDE</i>), which increased the MIC of FDC from ≤0.08 mg/L to 2 mg/L. <b>Conclusions:</b> The <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> gene was associated with IncC plasmids which are important contributors to the spread of key antibiotic resistance genes. Strict infection control measures must be elaborated upon to prevent the spread of extensively drug-resistant organisms such as those described here.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/223<i>K. pneumoniae</i>VEB-25KPC-2ceftazidime–avibactam resistantcefiderocol resistant
spellingShingle Irene Galani
Ilias Karaiskos
Maria Souli
Vassiliki Papoutsaki
Aikaterini Gkoufa
Anastasia Antoniadou
Helen Giamarellou
Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> Gene
Antibiotics
<i>K. pneumoniae</i>
VEB-25
KPC-2
ceftazidime–avibactam resistant
cefiderocol resistant
title Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> Gene
title_full Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> Gene
title_fullStr Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> Gene
title_full_unstemmed Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> Gene
title_short Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of <i>bla</i><sub>VEB-25</sub> and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated <i>fiu</i> Gene
title_sort outbreak of high risk clone st323 i klebsiella pneumoniae i resistant to ceftazidime avibactam due to acquisition of i bla i sub veb 25 sub and to cefiderocol due to mutated i fiu i gene
topic <i>K. pneumoniae</i>
VEB-25
KPC-2
ceftazidime–avibactam resistant
cefiderocol resistant
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/3/223
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