Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band
Recent standardization of portions of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band for fifth-generation (5G) operation has called for further research on how short-term fading behaves in that unexplored part of the spectrum. With such a target, this paper reports on a thorough measurement campaign conducted i...
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IEEE
2021-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9419042/ |
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| author | Tiago Reis Rufino Marins Andre Antonio Dos Anjos Carlos Rafael Nogueira Da Silva Vicent Miquel Rodrigo Penarrocha Lorenzo Rubio Juan Reig Rausley Adriano Amaral De Souza Michel Daoud Yacoub |
| author_facet | Tiago Reis Rufino Marins Andre Antonio Dos Anjos Carlos Rafael Nogueira Da Silva Vicent Miquel Rodrigo Penarrocha Lorenzo Rubio Juan Reig Rausley Adriano Amaral De Souza Michel Daoud Yacoub |
| author_sort | Tiago Reis Rufino Marins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent standardization of portions of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band for fifth-generation (5G) operation has called for further research on how short-term fading behaves in that unexplored part of the spectrum. With such a target, this paper reports on a thorough measurement campaign conducted in an indoor environment characterized by rich-multipath scattering, a part of a modern building, with floor and ceiling constructed of reinforced concrete over steel plates with wood and plasterboard-paneled walls. Particularly, measurements have been performed in a variety of scenarios, under line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (nLoS) conditions, for a wide range of frequencies, namely from 25 to 40 GHz- a span of 15 GHz- therefore, including 26, 28 and 39 GHz. First and second order statistics of representative fading models, namely Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami, folded normal, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\alpha } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\eta } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\kappa } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\alpha } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\eta } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\kappa } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> have been investigated. The metrics used in the analysis were the normalized mean square error (NMSE), the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Additionally, the study of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\kappa } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> model is advanced, in which new, exact, simple closed-form expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and level crossing rate are derived for some particular cases, namely for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu = n+ 1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in which <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n\in {{\mathbb {N}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d7ae42d57d7e487da2f0743426d64df6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-d7ae42d57d7e487da2f0743426d64df62025-08-20T03:02:55ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362021-01-019672686728010.1109/ACCESS.2021.30766319419042Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave BandTiago Reis Rufino Marins0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5279-2888Andre Antonio Dos Anjos1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-313XCarlos Rafael Nogueira Da Silva2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-9919Vicent Miquel Rodrigo Penarrocha3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4851Lorenzo Rubio4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-4673Juan Reig5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-9326Rausley Adriano Amaral De Souza6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-9894Michel Daoud Yacoub7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5866-5879National Institute of Telecommunications-INATEL, Santa Rita do Sapucaí, BrazilNational Institute of Telecommunications-INATEL, Santa Rita do Sapucaí, BrazilDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, BrazilTelecommunications and Multimedia Applications Research Institute (iTEAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, SpainTelecommunications and Multimedia Applications Research Institute (iTEAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, SpainTelecommunications and Multimedia Applications Research Institute (iTEAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, SpainNational Institute of Telecommunications-INATEL, Santa Rita do Sapucaí, BrazilDepartment of Communications(DECOM), Wireless Technology Laboratory (WissTek), School of Electrical and Computation Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, BrazilRecent standardization of portions of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band for fifth-generation (5G) operation has called for further research on how short-term fading behaves in that unexplored part of the spectrum. With such a target, this paper reports on a thorough measurement campaign conducted in an indoor environment characterized by rich-multipath scattering, a part of a modern building, with floor and ceiling constructed of reinforced concrete over steel plates with wood and plasterboard-paneled walls. Particularly, measurements have been performed in a variety of scenarios, under line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (nLoS) conditions, for a wide range of frequencies, namely from 25 to 40 GHz- a span of 15 GHz- therefore, including 26, 28 and 39 GHz. First and second order statistics of representative fading models, namely Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami, folded normal, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\alpha } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\eta } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\kappa } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\alpha } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\eta } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\kappa } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> have been investigated. The metrics used in the analysis were the normalized mean square error (NMSE), the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Additionally, the study of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\kappa } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> model is advanced, in which new, exact, simple closed-form expressions for probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and level crossing rate are derived for some particular cases, namely for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu = n+ 1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in which <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n\in {{\mathbb {N}}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9419042/Fading modelwireless channel5G-NRmultipath fadingmm-wave |
| spellingShingle | Tiago Reis Rufino Marins Andre Antonio Dos Anjos Carlos Rafael Nogueira Da Silva Vicent Miquel Rodrigo Penarrocha Lorenzo Rubio Juan Reig Rausley Adriano Amaral De Souza Michel Daoud Yacoub Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band IEEE Access Fading model wireless channel 5G-NR multipath fading mm-wave |
| title | Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band |
| title_full | Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band |
| title_fullStr | Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band |
| title_short | Fading Evaluation in Standardized 5G Millimeter-Wave Band |
| title_sort | fading evaluation in standardized 5g millimeter wave band |
| topic | Fading model wireless channel 5G-NR multipath fading mm-wave |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9419042/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tiagoreisrufinomarins fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband AT andreantoniodosanjos fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband AT carlosrafaelnogueiradasilva fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband AT vicentmiquelrodrigopenarrocha fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband AT lorenzorubio fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband AT juanreig fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband AT rausleyadrianoamaraldesouza fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband AT micheldaoudyacoub fadingevaluationinstandardized5gmillimeterwaveband |