Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of a Scandium-44 Radiolabeled Nanobody as a PD-L1 PET Imaging Probe

<b>Background/Objective</b>: Noninvasive PET imaging-based assessment of PD-L1 expression is of high clinical value for better patient selection and treatment response rates to PD-L1 immunotherapies. Due to their shorter biological half-life and faster clearance from the blood pool, radi...

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Main Authors: Viktoria E. Krol, Aditya Bansal, Manasa Kethamreddy, Jason R. Ellinghuysen, Daniel J. Vail, Fabrice Lucien-Matteoni, Haidong Dong, Sean S. Park, Mukesh K. Pandey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/6/796
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Summary:<b>Background/Objective</b>: Noninvasive PET imaging-based assessment of PD-L1 expression is of high clinical value for better patient selection and treatment response rates to PD-L1 immunotherapies. Due to their shorter biological half-life and faster clearance from the blood pool, radiolabeled antibody fragments are an attractive alternative for imaging than their full-length IgG counterpart. This work investigated the radiosynthesis and in vitro cell uptake of anti-PD-L1-B11-nanobody radiolabeled with <sup>44</sup>Sc (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 4.04 h) as an alternative to anti-PD-L1-B11-IgG, better suited for longer half-life radioisotopes such as <sup>89</sup>Zr (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 78.41 h). <b>Methods</b>: The proteins were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-DTPA and radiolabeled at room temperature with <sup>44</sup>Sc, achieving a radiochemical yield of a RCY of 94.8 ± 3.1% (<i>n</i> = 3) for [<sup>44</sup>Sc]Sc-B11-IgG and 73.6 ± 12.1% (<i>n</i> = 3) for [<sup>44</sup>Sc]Sc-B11-nanobody, before purification. <b>Results</b>: Significantly higher uptake in the PD-L1<sub>+</sub> cells than PD-L1<sub>KO</sub> cells was observed for both probes. However, high non-specific uptake, particularly of the radiolabeled B11-nanobody, was also observed which may negatively impact its potential as a molecular imaging probe. <b>Conclusions</b>: Due to the high non-specific uptake in vitro, the <sup>44</sup>Sc radiolabeled nanobody was not progressed to further in vivo evaluation. These results should, however, not discourage future evaluations of other nanobody based probes radiolabeled with <sup>44</sup>Sc, due to their well-matched biological and physical half-life.
ISSN:1999-4923