Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in India. However, it has been underreported and under-diagnosed due to a lack of awareness of the disease, a functional surveillance system, and appropriate laboratory diagnostic facilities. Methodology: This multicenter study aimed to u...

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Main Authors: Sara Chandy, Lokeshwaran Kirubanandhan, Priya Hemavathy, Anees Mohammad Khadeeja, Siby Jacob Kurian, Krishnan Venkataraman, Kristine Mørch, Dilip Mathai, Anand Manoharan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2017-03-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/8067
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author Sara Chandy
Lokeshwaran Kirubanandhan
Priya Hemavathy
Anees Mohammad Khadeeja
Siby Jacob Kurian
Krishnan Venkataraman
Kristine Mørch
Dilip Mathai
Anand Manoharan
author_facet Sara Chandy
Lokeshwaran Kirubanandhan
Priya Hemavathy
Anees Mohammad Khadeeja
Siby Jacob Kurian
Krishnan Venkataraman
Kristine Mørch
Dilip Mathai
Anand Manoharan
author_sort Sara Chandy
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in India. However, it has been underreported and under-diagnosed due to a lack of awareness of the disease, a functional surveillance system, and appropriate laboratory diagnostic facilities. Methodology: This multicenter study aimed to understand the Leptospira serovars causing leptospirosis in seven secondary-level hospitals in six states in India. Since early and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis is one of the challenges faced by clinicians in India due to the poor specificity and sensitivity of commercially available diagnostic systems, an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Genomic DNA from L. interrogans serovar Canicola was used for polymerase chain reaction amplification, cloning, and expression of the lipL32 gene in E. coli to amplify, clone, and express the lipL32 gene. Results: Australis was the common serovar seen at all the study centers. Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae was seen in samples from Tamil Nadu and Assam. In-house ELISA was standardized using the purified recombinant LipL32 polypeptide and was used to evaluate serum. Subsequently, acute serum samples from leptospirosis patients (n = 60) were screened. Compared to the gold standard, the microscopic agglutination test, sensitivity and specificity of the in-house ELISA was 95% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions: Understanding Leptospira serovars circulating in leptospirosis-endemic areas will help to formulate better vaccines. LipL32-based ELISA may serve as a valuable tool for early diagnosis of leptospirosis.
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spelling doaj-art-d7974d77a07b49d7a7f5a172ced08ef62025-08-20T02:14:07ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802017-03-01110310.3855/jidc.8067Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISASara Chandy0Lokeshwaran Kirubanandhan1Priya Hemavathy2Anees Mohammad Khadeeja3Siby Jacob Kurian4Krishnan Venkataraman5Kristine Mørch6Dilip Mathai7Anand Manoharan8Pushpagiri Research Center, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, IndiaCentre for BioSeparation Technology, (CBST) Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaChristian Medical College, Vellore, IndiaChristian Medical College, Vellore, IndiaChristian Medical College, Vellore, IndiaCentre for BioSeparation Technology, (CBST) Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IndiaNational Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayApollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (AIMSR), Hyderabad, IndiaPushpagiri Research Center, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Tiruvalla, IndiaIntroduction: Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in India. However, it has been underreported and under-diagnosed due to a lack of awareness of the disease, a functional surveillance system, and appropriate laboratory diagnostic facilities. Methodology: This multicenter study aimed to understand the Leptospira serovars causing leptospirosis in seven secondary-level hospitals in six states in India. Since early and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis is one of the challenges faced by clinicians in India due to the poor specificity and sensitivity of commercially available diagnostic systems, an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Genomic DNA from L. interrogans serovar Canicola was used for polymerase chain reaction amplification, cloning, and expression of the lipL32 gene in E. coli to amplify, clone, and express the lipL32 gene. Results: Australis was the common serovar seen at all the study centers. Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae was seen in samples from Tamil Nadu and Assam. In-house ELISA was standardized using the purified recombinant LipL32 polypeptide and was used to evaluate serum. Subsequently, acute serum samples from leptospirosis patients (n = 60) were screened. Compared to the gold standard, the microscopic agglutination test, sensitivity and specificity of the in-house ELISA was 95% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions: Understanding Leptospira serovars circulating in leptospirosis-endemic areas will help to formulate better vaccines. LipL32-based ELISA may serve as a valuable tool for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/8067Leptospira serovarsrecombinant LipL32India
spellingShingle Sara Chandy
Lokeshwaran Kirubanandhan
Priya Hemavathy
Anees Mohammad Khadeeja
Siby Jacob Kurian
Krishnan Venkataraman
Kristine Mørch
Dilip Mathai
Anand Manoharan
Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Leptospira serovars
recombinant LipL32
India
title Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA
title_full Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA
title_fullStr Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA
title_full_unstemmed Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA
title_short Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA
title_sort serovar prevalence of leptospira in semirural india and the development of an igm based indirect elisa
topic Leptospira serovars
recombinant LipL32
India
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/8067
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