Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent Approach

This paper presents the optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for an isolated residential building using modified smell agent optimization (mSAO). The paper introduces a time-dependent approach that adapts the selection of the original SAO control parameters as the algorithm prog...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Manal Drici, Mourad Houabes, Ahmed Tijani Salawudeen, Mebarek Bahri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Eng
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/6/6/120
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849432089175261184
author Manal Drici
Mourad Houabes
Ahmed Tijani Salawudeen
Mebarek Bahri
author_facet Manal Drici
Mourad Houabes
Ahmed Tijani Salawudeen
Mebarek Bahri
author_sort Manal Drici
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents the optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for an isolated residential building using modified smell agent optimization (mSAO). The paper introduces a time-dependent approach that adapts the selection of the original SAO control parameters as the algorithm progresses through the optimization hyperspace. This modification addresses issues of poor convergence and suboptimal search in the original algorithm. Both the modified and standard algorithms were employed to design an HRES system comprising photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, batteries, and hydrogen storage, all connected via a DC-bus microgrid. The components were integrated with the microgrid using DC-DC power converters and supplied a designated load through a DC-AC inverter. Multiple operational scenarios and multi-objective criteria, including techno-economic metrics such as levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP), were evaluated. Comparative analysis demonstrated that mSAO outperforms the standard SAO and the honey badger algorithm (HBA) used for the purpose of comparison only. Our simulation results highlighted that the PV–wind turbine–battery system achieved the best economic performance. In this case, the mSAO reduced the LPSP by approximately 38.89% and 87.50% over SAO and the HBA, respectively. Similarly, the mSAO also recorded LCOE performance superiority of 4.05% and 28.44% over SAO and the HBA, respectively. These results underscore the superiority of the mSAO in solving optimization problems.
format Article
id doaj-art-d7931fa8558c467b9460efa38d32f51c
institution Kabale University
issn 2673-4117
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Eng
spelling doaj-art-d7931fa8558c467b9460efa38d32f51c2025-08-20T03:27:26ZengMDPI AGEng2673-41172025-06-016612010.3390/eng6060120Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent ApproachManal Drici0Mourad Houabes1Ahmed Tijani Salawudeen2Mebarek Bahri3LEA Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Badji Mokhtar, Sidi Amar, Annaba 23000, AlgeriaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, ENSTI, Annaba 23003, AlgeriaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Jos, Jos 930001, NigeriaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Biskra, Biskra 07000, AlgeriaThis paper presents the optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for an isolated residential building using modified smell agent optimization (mSAO). The paper introduces a time-dependent approach that adapts the selection of the original SAO control parameters as the algorithm progresses through the optimization hyperspace. This modification addresses issues of poor convergence and suboptimal search in the original algorithm. Both the modified and standard algorithms were employed to design an HRES system comprising photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, batteries, and hydrogen storage, all connected via a DC-bus microgrid. The components were integrated with the microgrid using DC-DC power converters and supplied a designated load through a DC-AC inverter. Multiple operational scenarios and multi-objective criteria, including techno-economic metrics such as levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP), were evaluated. Comparative analysis demonstrated that mSAO outperforms the standard SAO and the honey badger algorithm (HBA) used for the purpose of comparison only. Our simulation results highlighted that the PV–wind turbine–battery system achieved the best economic performance. In this case, the mSAO reduced the LPSP by approximately 38.89% and 87.50% over SAO and the HBA, respectively. Similarly, the mSAO also recorded LCOE performance superiority of 4.05% and 28.44% over SAO and the HBA, respectively. These results underscore the superiority of the mSAO in solving optimization problems.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/6/6/120energy managementhybrid renewable energy system (HRES)meta-heuristicalgorithmsmultisourceoptimal sizing
spellingShingle Manal Drici
Mourad Houabes
Ahmed Tijani Salawudeen
Mebarek Bahri
Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent Approach
Eng
energy management
hybrid renewable energy system (HRES)
meta-heuristic
algorithms
multisource
optimal sizing
title Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent Approach
title_full Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent Approach
title_fullStr Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent Approach
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent Approach
title_short Optimizing Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Isolated Applications: A Modified Smell Agent Approach
title_sort optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems for isolated applications a modified smell agent approach
topic energy management
hybrid renewable energy system (HRES)
meta-heuristic
algorithms
multisource
optimal sizing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/6/6/120
work_keys_str_mv AT manaldrici optimizinghybridrenewableenergysystemsforisolatedapplicationsamodifiedsmellagentapproach
AT mouradhouabes optimizinghybridrenewableenergysystemsforisolatedapplicationsamodifiedsmellagentapproach
AT ahmedtijanisalawudeen optimizinghybridrenewableenergysystemsforisolatedapplicationsamodifiedsmellagentapproach
AT mebarekbahri optimizinghybridrenewableenergysystemsforisolatedapplicationsamodifiedsmellagentapproach