SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 season

Objectives: This study aimed at describing the epidemiological aspects of respiratory pathogens involved in cases of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Siena (Tuscany, Italy) during the 2023/2024 season. Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from enrolled patients in the University...

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Main Authors: Serena Marchi, Valentina Salvestroni, Bianca Maria Bocci, Giovanni Guarducci, Giovanna Milano, Anna Carmina De Francesco, Emanuele Montomoli, Giovanni Bova, Andrea Camarri, Ilaria Manini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-11-01
Series:Journal of Infection and Public Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125002540
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author Serena Marchi
Valentina Salvestroni
Bianca Maria Bocci
Giovanni Guarducci
Giovanna Milano
Anna Carmina De Francesco
Emanuele Montomoli
Giovanni Bova
Andrea Camarri
Ilaria Manini
author_facet Serena Marchi
Valentina Salvestroni
Bianca Maria Bocci
Giovanni Guarducci
Giovanna Milano
Anna Carmina De Francesco
Emanuele Montomoli
Giovanni Bova
Andrea Camarri
Ilaria Manini
author_sort Serena Marchi
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: This study aimed at describing the epidemiological aspects of respiratory pathogens involved in cases of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Siena (Tuscany, Italy) during the 2023/2024 season. Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from enrolled patients in the University Hospital Trust of Siena. Swabs were tested by qRT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other 21 respiratory pathogens, including influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 and/or influenza were further analyzed by Next-Generation sequencing (NGS). Results: From January to June 2024, 138 patients diagnosed with SARI were enrolled, with an average age of 76.7 years and a frequent presence of comorbidities. Among the patients, 40 % tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, followed by 20 % positivity for influenza and 13 % positivity for HRSV. For SARS-CoV-2, variants belonging to the JN.1, EG.5 and BA.5 lineages were found. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains were found to belong to the 6B.1a.5a.2a clade, while for influenza A(H3N2), the strains belonged to two different clades (3 C.2a1b.2a.1a and 3 C.2a1b. 2a.2a.3a.1). Conclusions: This study contributes to the understanding of the spread of respiratory viruses and the genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in patients with SARI, underlining the importance of continuous surveillance.
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spelling doaj-art-d78dd37aabb54f43acec62fa17b5244e2025-08-20T03:40:45ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412025-11-01181110290510.1016/j.jiph.2025.102905SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 seasonSerena Marchi0Valentina Salvestroni1Bianca Maria Bocci2Giovanni Guarducci3Giovanna Milano4Anna Carmina De Francesco5Emanuele Montomoli6Giovanni Bova7Andrea Camarri8Ilaria Manini9Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy; Corresponding author.Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, ItalyPost Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, ItalyPost Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy; VisMederi srl, Strada di Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, Siena 53100, ItalyEmergency and Transplants Department, University Hospital of Siena, Strade delle Scotte14, Siena 53100, ItalyEmergency and Transplants Department, University Hospital of Siena, Strade delle Scotte14, Siena 53100, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObjectives: This study aimed at describing the epidemiological aspects of respiratory pathogens involved in cases of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Siena (Tuscany, Italy) during the 2023/2024 season. Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from enrolled patients in the University Hospital Trust of Siena. Swabs were tested by qRT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other 21 respiratory pathogens, including influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 and/or influenza were further analyzed by Next-Generation sequencing (NGS). Results: From January to June 2024, 138 patients diagnosed with SARI were enrolled, with an average age of 76.7 years and a frequent presence of comorbidities. Among the patients, 40 % tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, followed by 20 % positivity for influenza and 13 % positivity for HRSV. For SARS-CoV-2, variants belonging to the JN.1, EG.5 and BA.5 lineages were found. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains were found to belong to the 6B.1a.5a.2a clade, while for influenza A(H3N2), the strains belonged to two different clades (3 C.2a1b.2a.1a and 3 C.2a1b. 2a.2a.3a.1). Conclusions: This study contributes to the understanding of the spread of respiratory viruses and the genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in patients with SARI, underlining the importance of continuous surveillance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125002540Severe acute respiratory infectionsSARS-CoV-2InfluenzaEpidemiological and virological surveillance
spellingShingle Serena Marchi
Valentina Salvestroni
Bianca Maria Bocci
Giovanni Guarducci
Giovanna Milano
Anna Carmina De Francesco
Emanuele Montomoli
Giovanni Bova
Andrea Camarri
Ilaria Manini
SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 season
Journal of Infection and Public Health
Severe acute respiratory infections
SARS-CoV-2
Influenza
Epidemiological and virological surveillance
title SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 season
title_full SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 season
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 season
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 season
title_short SARS-CoV-2, influenza, HRSV and other respiratory pathogens during the post-COVID-19 era: Epidemic circulation in Italy in the 2023/2024 season
title_sort sars cov 2 influenza hrsv and other respiratory pathogens during the post covid 19 era epidemic circulation in italy in the 2023 2024 season
topic Severe acute respiratory infections
SARS-CoV-2
Influenza
Epidemiological and virological surveillance
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034125002540
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