Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743
This study aims to recover, interpret and analyse the early meteorological observations made in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743. Zendrini used a cistern barometer, an Amontons-type air thermometer and an additional mercury thermometer, i.e., a de l’Isle one. By comparing and interpre...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Dario Camuffo Antonio della Valle Francesca Becherini |
| author_facet | Dario Camuffo Antonio della Valle Francesca Becherini |
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| description | This study aims to recover, interpret and analyse the early meteorological observations made in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743. Zendrini used a cistern barometer, an Amontons-type air thermometer and an additional mercury thermometer, i.e., a de l’Isle one. By comparing and interpreting the existing details, the instruments have been re-imagined, interpreted and discussed; finally their unknown scale and calibration points have been calculated. The barometer readings needed standard corrections, which were not known at that time. The scale of the air thermometers was in inches of mercury. Zendrini used a reversed scale, with boiling water set to 0, but neglected the second calibration point and the length of the tube. In addition, he gave the thermoscopic readings without the corresponding pressures. The methodology for the calibration, validation and transformation of the readings into modern units, i.e., hPa and °C, is carefully discussed. This paper provides and analyses new data, and improves our knowledge about the history of science, meteorological measurements, instruments and observations in the first half of the 18th century. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d789460eae7248b2a400d376fed317ee |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d789460eae7248b2a400d376fed317ee2025-08-20T03:13:36ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-06-0116775910.3390/atmos16070759Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743Dario Camuffo0Antonio della Valle1Francesca Becherini2National Research Council of Italy—Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padua, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy—Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padua, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy—Institute of Polar Sciences, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, ItalyThis study aims to recover, interpret and analyse the early meteorological observations made in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743. Zendrini used a cistern barometer, an Amontons-type air thermometer and an additional mercury thermometer, i.e., a de l’Isle one. By comparing and interpreting the existing details, the instruments have been re-imagined, interpreted and discussed; finally their unknown scale and calibration points have been calculated. The barometer readings needed standard corrections, which were not known at that time. The scale of the air thermometers was in inches of mercury. Zendrini used a reversed scale, with boiling water set to 0, but neglected the second calibration point and the length of the tube. In addition, he gave the thermoscopic readings without the corresponding pressures. The methodology for the calibration, validation and transformation of the readings into modern units, i.e., hPa and °C, is carefully discussed. This paper provides and analyses new data, and improves our knowledge about the history of science, meteorological measurements, instruments and observations in the first half of the 18th century.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/759early instrumental recordsair pressureair temperaturebarometerAmontons thermometerde l’Isle thermometer |
| spellingShingle | Dario Camuffo Antonio della Valle Francesca Becherini Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743 Atmosphere early instrumental records air pressure air temperature barometer Amontons thermometer de l’Isle thermometer |
| title | Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743 |
| title_full | Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743 |
| title_fullStr | Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743 |
| title_short | Pressure and Temperature Observations in Venice by Bernardino Zendrini from 1738 to 1743 |
| title_sort | pressure and temperature observations in venice by bernardino zendrini from 1738 to 1743 |
| topic | early instrumental records air pressure air temperature barometer Amontons thermometer de l’Isle thermometer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/759 |
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