Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat Spleen
Background: Iron accumulation in the spleen of thalassemia patients disrupts macrophage polarization, impairs immune function, and increases mortality. Sappan wood (Biancaea sappan L.) extract exhibits iron-chelating and immunomodulatory properties, making it a potential adjuvant with Deferiprone (D...
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Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_50989_724070d67e7c8e9c6f7d328c624fbc92.pdf |
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| author | Mohammad Ghozali Ratu Safitri Erick Khristian Amethyst Puspita Ainni Yasmi Purnamasari Kuntana Muhamad Hasan Bashari Jeri Nobia Purnama |
| author_facet | Mohammad Ghozali Ratu Safitri Erick Khristian Amethyst Puspita Ainni Yasmi Purnamasari Kuntana Muhamad Hasan Bashari Jeri Nobia Purnama |
| author_sort | Mohammad Ghozali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Iron accumulation in the spleen of thalassemia patients disrupts macrophage polarization, impairs immune function, and increases mortality. Sappan wood (Biancaea sappan L.) extract exhibits iron-chelating and immunomodulatory properties, making it a potential adjuvant with Deferiprone (DFP). This study aimed to assess the effects of Sappan wood extract (SWE) as a DFP adjuvant in rat models of iron overload. Methods: This experimental study was conducted from January to March 2024 at Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. Thirty-five rats were divided into seven groups: normal, iron overload (IO) induced by iron dextran (ID) at a cumulative dose of 60 mg/Kg body weight (BW), positive control receiving DFP, and four groups receiving DFP+SWE at different doses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/Kg BW. Iron levels and macrophage polarization (pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2) in the spleen were assessed. Results: SWE at 50 mg/Kg BW significantly reduced spleen iron levels to 60.77 ppm/mg and increased M2 intensity (P<0.001 compared to the IO group). At 100 mg/Kg BW, SWE effectively decreased M1 macrophage intensity (P=0.001 compared to the IO group).Conclusion: SWE at 50 mg/Kg BW was comparable to DFP in reducing the spleen iron levels and M1 macrophage intensity, while 100 mg/Kg BW enhanced M2 macrophage polarization. These findings highlighted SWE’s potential as a therapeutic adjuvant in IO conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d7862f911bf24767b487d8a490815ae6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0253-0716 1735-3688 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Shiraz University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-d7862f911bf24767b487d8a490815ae62025-08-20T03:01:46ZengShiraz University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Sciences0253-07161735-36882025-07-0150748149110.30476/ijms.2024.103099.362950989Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat SpleenMohammad Ghozali0Ratu Safitri1Erick Khristian2Amethyst Puspita Ainni3Yasmi Purnamasari Kuntana4Muhamad Hasan Bashari5Jeri Nobia Purnama6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java 45363, IndonesiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java 45363, IndonesiaBackground: Iron accumulation in the spleen of thalassemia patients disrupts macrophage polarization, impairs immune function, and increases mortality. Sappan wood (Biancaea sappan L.) extract exhibits iron-chelating and immunomodulatory properties, making it a potential adjuvant with Deferiprone (DFP). This study aimed to assess the effects of Sappan wood extract (SWE) as a DFP adjuvant in rat models of iron overload. Methods: This experimental study was conducted from January to March 2024 at Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. Thirty-five rats were divided into seven groups: normal, iron overload (IO) induced by iron dextran (ID) at a cumulative dose of 60 mg/Kg body weight (BW), positive control receiving DFP, and four groups receiving DFP+SWE at different doses of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/Kg BW. Iron levels and macrophage polarization (pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2) in the spleen were assessed. Results: SWE at 50 mg/Kg BW significantly reduced spleen iron levels to 60.77 ppm/mg and increased M2 intensity (P<0.001 compared to the IO group). At 100 mg/Kg BW, SWE effectively decreased M1 macrophage intensity (P=0.001 compared to the IO group).Conclusion: SWE at 50 mg/Kg BW was comparable to DFP in reducing the spleen iron levels and M1 macrophage intensity, while 100 mg/Kg BW enhanced M2 macrophage polarization. These findings highlighted SWE’s potential as a therapeutic adjuvant in IO conditions.https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_50989_724070d67e7c8e9c6f7d328c624fbc92.pdfdeferipronemacrophageiron overloadiron chelating agents |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Ghozali Ratu Safitri Erick Khristian Amethyst Puspita Ainni Yasmi Purnamasari Kuntana Muhamad Hasan Bashari Jeri Nobia Purnama Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat Spleen Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences deferiprone macrophage iron overload iron chelating agents |
| title | Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat Spleen |
| title_full | Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat Spleen |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat Spleen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat Spleen |
| title_short | Impact of Sappan Wood Extract as Iron Chelator Adjuvant on Iron Concentration and Macrophage Polarization in Rat Spleen |
| title_sort | impact of sappan wood extract as iron chelator adjuvant on iron concentration and macrophage polarization in rat spleen |
| topic | deferiprone macrophage iron overload iron chelating agents |
| url | https://ijms.sums.ac.ir/article_50989_724070d67e7c8e9c6f7d328c624fbc92.pdf |
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