Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Otitis media is among the leading causes of illnesses responsible for causing hearing problems and adding significant costs to the public health system. Bacteria are the most common causative agents for otitis media. Currently, there is little information on the prevalence and an...

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Main Authors: Endalu Tesfaye Guteta, Fedasan Alemu Abdi, Seifu Gizaw Feyisa, Betrearon Sileshi Kinfu, Tadese Bekele Tafesse
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03664-z
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author Endalu Tesfaye Guteta
Fedasan Alemu Abdi
Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
Betrearon Sileshi Kinfu
Tadese Bekele Tafesse
author_facet Endalu Tesfaye Guteta
Fedasan Alemu Abdi
Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
Betrearon Sileshi Kinfu
Tadese Bekele Tafesse
author_sort Endalu Tesfaye Guteta
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Otitis media is among the leading causes of illnesses responsible for causing hearing problems and adding significant costs to the public health system. Bacteria are the most common causative agents for otitis media. Currently, there is little information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogenic bacterial isolates from patients with otitis media in Ethiopia. Methodology A laboratory – based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2023 among 242 patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by trained nurses and/or health officers in face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. Middle ear discharge samples were collected by Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialists (Otolaryngologist) following all aseptic techniques. Conventional culture, different biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed for all the isolated bacteria. Reference strains were used as a positive and negative controls. The data were checked for completeness and consistency, entered into EpiData version 4.6.06 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors of otitis media. Adjusted odds ratio was used to determine strength of association. Statistical significance was obtained at p-value of below 0.05. The data were interpreted using graphs, tables, and results statements. Results A total of 242 middle ear discharge samples were collected and cultured from which 212 (87.6%) were culture positive. A total of 228 pathogenic bacterial isolates were recovered. The predominant bacterial isolates were S. aureus 92 (40.4%) followed by P. aeruginosa 33 (14.5%) and E. coli 24 (10.5%). One hundred and fifty-one (66.2%) bacterial pathogens were multidrug resistant. Piperacillin-tazobactam and tobramycin were relatively common drugs to which most of the isolates were susceptible while they were most resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. Purulent discharge (p-value = 0.001), middle ear discharge ≥ 14 days (P-value = 0.000) and a history of active/passive smoking (P-value = 0.043) were significantly associated with otitis media. Conclusion The prevalence of bacterial pathogens, most of which were multidrug-resistant, was high among patients with otitis media. A significant association was observed with purulent ear discharge, chronic otitis media, and passive or active smoking. Choosing the proper antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infection is crucial.
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spelling doaj-art-d77af581aa754a0e87ff89b286874d782025-01-12T12:10:15ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-01-0125111010.1186/s12866-024-03664-zBacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional studyEndalu Tesfaye Guteta0Fedasan Alemu Abdi1Seifu Gizaw Feyisa2Betrearon Sileshi Kinfu3Tadese Bekele Tafesse4Clinical Microbiology Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory CenterDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Salale UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Salale UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Salale UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Salale UniversityAbstract Background Otitis media is among the leading causes of illnesses responsible for causing hearing problems and adding significant costs to the public health system. Bacteria are the most common causative agents for otitis media. Currently, there is little information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogenic bacterial isolates from patients with otitis media in Ethiopia. Methodology A laboratory – based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2023 among 242 patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by trained nurses and/or health officers in face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. Middle ear discharge samples were collected by Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialists (Otolaryngologist) following all aseptic techniques. Conventional culture, different biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed for all the isolated bacteria. Reference strains were used as a positive and negative controls. The data were checked for completeness and consistency, entered into EpiData version 4.6.06 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors of otitis media. Adjusted odds ratio was used to determine strength of association. Statistical significance was obtained at p-value of below 0.05. The data were interpreted using graphs, tables, and results statements. Results A total of 242 middle ear discharge samples were collected and cultured from which 212 (87.6%) were culture positive. A total of 228 pathogenic bacterial isolates were recovered. The predominant bacterial isolates were S. aureus 92 (40.4%) followed by P. aeruginosa 33 (14.5%) and E. coli 24 (10.5%). One hundred and fifty-one (66.2%) bacterial pathogens were multidrug resistant. Piperacillin-tazobactam and tobramycin were relatively common drugs to which most of the isolates were susceptible while they were most resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. Purulent discharge (p-value = 0.001), middle ear discharge ≥ 14 days (P-value = 0.000) and a history of active/passive smoking (P-value = 0.043) were significantly associated with otitis media. Conclusion The prevalence of bacterial pathogens, most of which were multidrug-resistant, was high among patients with otitis media. A significant association was observed with purulent ear discharge, chronic otitis media, and passive or active smoking. Choosing the proper antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infection is crucial.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03664-zOtitis mediaBacteriaAntimicrobial resistance
spellingShingle Endalu Tesfaye Guteta
Fedasan Alemu Abdi
Seifu Gizaw Feyisa
Betrearon Sileshi Kinfu
Tadese Bekele Tafesse
Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
BMC Microbiology
Otitis media
Bacteria
Antimicrobial resistance
title Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_full Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_short Bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to Nekemte Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory Center, Western Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_sort bacterial etiologies antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and associated factors among patients with otitis media referred to nekemte public health research and referral laboratory center western ethiopia a cross sectional study
topic Otitis media
Bacteria
Antimicrobial resistance
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-024-03664-z
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