Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model

Sodium thiosulfate (STS), a precursor of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), has demonstrated antihypertensive properties. Previous studies have suggested that H<sub>2</sub>S-based interventions can prevent hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the c...

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Main Authors: You-Lin Tain, Chien-Ning Hsu, Chih-Yao Hou, Chih-Kuang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1574
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author You-Lin Tain
Chien-Ning Hsu
Chih-Yao Hou
Chih-Kuang Chen
author_facet You-Lin Tain
Chien-Ning Hsu
Chih-Yao Hou
Chih-Kuang Chen
author_sort You-Lin Tain
collection DOAJ
description Sodium thiosulfate (STS), a precursor of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), has demonstrated antihypertensive properties. Previous studies have suggested that H<sub>2</sub>S-based interventions can prevent hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the clinical application of STS is limited by its rapid release and intravenous administration. To address this, we developed a poly-lactic acid (PLA)-based nanoparticle system for sustained STS delivery and investigated whether weekly treatment with STS-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) could protect against hypertension in a juvenile CKD rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats, aged three weeks, were fed a diet containing 0.5% adenine for three weeks to induce a model of pediatric CKD. STS-loaded NPs (25 mg/kg) were administered intravenously during weeks 6, 7, and 8, and at week 9, all rats were sacrificed. Treatment with STS-loaded NPs reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 10 mm Hg and 8 mm Hg, respectively, in juvenile CKD rats. The protective effect of STS-loaded NPs was linked to increased renal expression of H<sub>2</sub>S-producing enzymes, including cystathionine γ-lyase (<i>CSE</i>) and D-amino acid oxidase (<i>DAO</i>). Additionally, STS-loaded NP therapy restored nitric oxide (NO) signaling, increasing L-arginine levels, which were disrupted in CKD. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of STS-loaded NPs were associated with inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the enhancement of the NO signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that STS-loaded NP treatment provides sustained STS delivery and effectively reduces hypertension in a juvenile CKD rat model, bringing us closer to the clinical translation of STS-based therapy for pediatric CKD-induced hypertension.
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spelling doaj-art-d755fb25d96a4bb68f1d5e885028b0a82025-08-20T02:53:40ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-011312157410.3390/antiox13121574Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat ModelYou-Lin Tain0Chien-Ning Hsu1Chih-Yao Hou2Chih-Kuang Chen3Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, TaiwanDepartment of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, TaiwanDepartment of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, TaiwanPolymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, TaiwanSodium thiosulfate (STS), a precursor of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), has demonstrated antihypertensive properties. Previous studies have suggested that H<sub>2</sub>S-based interventions can prevent hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the clinical application of STS is limited by its rapid release and intravenous administration. To address this, we developed a poly-lactic acid (PLA)-based nanoparticle system for sustained STS delivery and investigated whether weekly treatment with STS-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) could protect against hypertension in a juvenile CKD rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats, aged three weeks, were fed a diet containing 0.5% adenine for three weeks to induce a model of pediatric CKD. STS-loaded NPs (25 mg/kg) were administered intravenously during weeks 6, 7, and 8, and at week 9, all rats were sacrificed. Treatment with STS-loaded NPs reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 10 mm Hg and 8 mm Hg, respectively, in juvenile CKD rats. The protective effect of STS-loaded NPs was linked to increased renal expression of H<sub>2</sub>S-producing enzymes, including cystathionine γ-lyase (<i>CSE</i>) and D-amino acid oxidase (<i>DAO</i>). Additionally, STS-loaded NP therapy restored nitric oxide (NO) signaling, increasing L-arginine levels, which were disrupted in CKD. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of STS-loaded NPs were associated with inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the enhancement of the NO signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that STS-loaded NP treatment provides sustained STS delivery and effectively reduces hypertension in a juvenile CKD rat model, bringing us closer to the clinical translation of STS-based therapy for pediatric CKD-induced hypertension.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1574chronic kidney diseasehydrogen sulfidehypertensionnitric oxiderenin–angiotensin systemsodium thiosulfate
spellingShingle You-Lin Tain
Chien-Ning Hsu
Chih-Yao Hou
Chih-Kuang Chen
Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model
Antioxidants
chronic kidney disease
hydrogen sulfide
hypertension
nitric oxide
renin–angiotensin system
sodium thiosulfate
title Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model
title_full Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model
title_fullStr Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model
title_full_unstemmed Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model
title_short Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model
title_sort antihypertensive effects of a sodium thiosulfate loaded nanoparticle in a juvenile chronic kidney disease rat model
topic chronic kidney disease
hydrogen sulfide
hypertension
nitric oxide
renin–angiotensin system
sodium thiosulfate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1574
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