Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic Approach

Armed conflict is a dynamic social phenomenon, yet existing research often overlooks its evolving nature. We propose a method to simulate the dynamic transformations of armed conflicts. First, we enhanced the Spatial Conflict Dynamic Indicator (SCDi) by integrating conflict intensity and clustering,...

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Main Authors: Dong Jiang, Jun Zhuo, Peiwei Fan, Fangyu Ding, Mengmeng Hao, Shuai Chen, Jiping Dong, Jiajie Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Big Data and Cognitive Computing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/9/5/123
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author Dong Jiang
Jun Zhuo
Peiwei Fan
Fangyu Ding
Mengmeng Hao
Shuai Chen
Jiping Dong
Jiajie Wu
author_facet Dong Jiang
Jun Zhuo
Peiwei Fan
Fangyu Ding
Mengmeng Hao
Shuai Chen
Jiping Dong
Jiajie Wu
author_sort Dong Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Armed conflict is a dynamic social phenomenon, yet existing research often overlooks its evolving nature. We propose a method to simulate the dynamic transformations of armed conflicts. First, we enhanced the Spatial Conflict Dynamic Indicator (SCDi) by integrating conflict intensity and clustering, which allowed for the distinction of various conflict types. Second, we established transformation rules for the SCDi, quantifying five types of transformations: outbreak, stabilization, escalation, de-escalation, and maintaining peace. Using the random forest algorithm with multiple covariates, we simulated these transformations and analyzed the driving factors. The results reveal a global trend of polarization in armed conflicts over the past 20 years, with an increase in clustered/high-intensity (CH) and dispersed/low-intensity (DL) conflicts. Stable regions of ongoing conflict have emerged, notably in areas like Syria, the border of Afghanistan, and Nepal’s border region. New conflicts are more likely to arise near these zones. Various driving forces shape conflict transformations, with neighboring conflict scenarios acting as key catalysts. The capacity of a region to maintain peace largely depends on neighboring conflict dynamics, while local factors are more influential in other types of transformations. This study quantifies the dynamic process of conflict transformations and reveals detailed changes.
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spelling doaj-art-d749f2139e7f49d59e7fcaf1cf14921c2025-08-20T01:56:25ZengMDPI AGBig Data and Cognitive Computing2504-22892025-05-019512310.3390/bdcc9050123Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic ApproachDong Jiang0Jun Zhuo1Peiwei Fan2Fangyu Ding3Mengmeng Hao4Shuai Chen5Jiping Dong6Jiajie Wu7Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaArmed conflict is a dynamic social phenomenon, yet existing research often overlooks its evolving nature. We propose a method to simulate the dynamic transformations of armed conflicts. First, we enhanced the Spatial Conflict Dynamic Indicator (SCDi) by integrating conflict intensity and clustering, which allowed for the distinction of various conflict types. Second, we established transformation rules for the SCDi, quantifying five types of transformations: outbreak, stabilization, escalation, de-escalation, and maintaining peace. Using the random forest algorithm with multiple covariates, we simulated these transformations and analyzed the driving factors. The results reveal a global trend of polarization in armed conflicts over the past 20 years, with an increase in clustered/high-intensity (CH) and dispersed/low-intensity (DL) conflicts. Stable regions of ongoing conflict have emerged, notably in areas like Syria, the border of Afghanistan, and Nepal’s border region. New conflicts are more likely to arise near these zones. Various driving forces shape conflict transformations, with neighboring conflict scenarios acting as key catalysts. The capacity of a region to maintain peace largely depends on neighboring conflict dynamics, while local factors are more influential in other types of transformations. This study quantifies the dynamic process of conflict transformations and reveals detailed changes.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/9/5/123armed conflictconflict dynamicsconflict intensityconflict clusteringconflict transformation
spellingShingle Dong Jiang
Jun Zhuo
Peiwei Fan
Fangyu Ding
Mengmeng Hao
Shuai Chen
Jiping Dong
Jiajie Wu
Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic Approach
Big Data and Cognitive Computing
armed conflict
conflict dynamics
conflict intensity
conflict clustering
conflict transformation
title Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic Approach
title_full Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic Approach
title_fullStr Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic Approach
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic Approach
title_short Assessing the Transformation of Armed Conflict Types: A Dynamic Approach
title_sort assessing the transformation of armed conflict types a dynamic approach
topic armed conflict
conflict dynamics
conflict intensity
conflict clustering
conflict transformation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/9/5/123
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AT mengmenghao assessingthetransformationofarmedconflicttypesadynamicapproach
AT shuaichen assessingthetransformationofarmedconflicttypesadynamicapproach
AT jipingdong assessingthetransformationofarmedconflicttypesadynamicapproach
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