The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review

Abstract Background Research that investigates the negative health effects of stigma beyond the individual and interpersonal levels is increasingly using the concept of “structural stigma.” This scoping review investigates how the concept of “structural stigma” has been used and operationalized in h...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Evan L. Eschliman, Edwina P. Kisanga, Long Jie Huang, Ohemaa B. Poku, Becky L. Genberg, Danielle German, Sarah M. Murray, Lawrence H. Yang, Michelle R. Kaufman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21171-8
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850048273089298432
author Evan L. Eschliman
Edwina P. Kisanga
Long Jie Huang
Ohemaa B. Poku
Becky L. Genberg
Danielle German
Sarah M. Murray
Lawrence H. Yang
Michelle R. Kaufman
author_facet Evan L. Eschliman
Edwina P. Kisanga
Long Jie Huang
Ohemaa B. Poku
Becky L. Genberg
Danielle German
Sarah M. Murray
Lawrence H. Yang
Michelle R. Kaufman
author_sort Evan L. Eschliman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Research that investigates the negative health effects of stigma beyond the individual and interpersonal levels is increasingly using the concept of “structural stigma.” This scoping review investigates how the concept of “structural stigma” has been used and operationalized in health-related literature to date in order to characterize its usage and inform future operationalizations. Methods A systematic search and screening process identified peer-reviewed, English-language research articles that used the term “structural stigma” available prior to January 1, 2024 in five databases (i.e., PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL). Results Of the 298 articles identified, over half (53%) were published from 2021 onward. Articles most commonly were set in the United States (n = 163, 55%), investigated stigma toward sexual minority people (n = 163, 55%), and cited the introduction of a special issue of Social Science & Medicine as their source of the concept (n = 84, 28%). Most articles (64%) used at least one additional conceptual framework, most commonly minority stress theory (n = 107, 36%). Quantitative operationalizations (n = 102) engaged most in the conceptual domain of laws and government-level policies, while qualitative operationalizations (n = 68) engaged most with institutional (i.e., non-government-level) policies, practices, and procedures. Conclusions As the use of “structural stigma” is increasing, operationalizations can better leverage the concept’s breadth and account for individuals’ intersectional lived experiences. This will necessitate bridging across methodologies and bodies of research on related negative social processes.
format Article
id doaj-art-d735be04385343cfbb3b63db3f3f4998
institution DOAJ
issn 1471-2458
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Public Health
spelling doaj-art-d735be04385343cfbb3b63db3f3f49982025-08-20T02:54:00ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-12-0124111310.1186/s12889-024-21171-8The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping reviewEvan L. Eschliman0Edwina P. Kisanga1Long Jie Huang2Ohemaa B. Poku3Becky L. Genberg4Danielle German5Sarah M. Murray6Lawrence H. Yang7Michelle R. Kaufman8Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDepartment of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New YorkDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric InstituteDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDepartment of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthAbstract Background Research that investigates the negative health effects of stigma beyond the individual and interpersonal levels is increasingly using the concept of “structural stigma.” This scoping review investigates how the concept of “structural stigma” has been used and operationalized in health-related literature to date in order to characterize its usage and inform future operationalizations. Methods A systematic search and screening process identified peer-reviewed, English-language research articles that used the term “structural stigma” available prior to January 1, 2024 in five databases (i.e., PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL). Results Of the 298 articles identified, over half (53%) were published from 2021 onward. Articles most commonly were set in the United States (n = 163, 55%), investigated stigma toward sexual minority people (n = 163, 55%), and cited the introduction of a special issue of Social Science & Medicine as their source of the concept (n = 84, 28%). Most articles (64%) used at least one additional conceptual framework, most commonly minority stress theory (n = 107, 36%). Quantitative operationalizations (n = 102) engaged most in the conceptual domain of laws and government-level policies, while qualitative operationalizations (n = 68) engaged most with institutional (i.e., non-government-level) policies, practices, and procedures. Conclusions As the use of “structural stigma” is increasing, operationalizations can better leverage the concept’s breadth and account for individuals’ intersectional lived experiences. This will necessitate bridging across methodologies and bodies of research on related negative social processes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21171-8StigmaDiscriminationStructural factorsScoping reviewQuantitativeQualitative
spellingShingle Evan L. Eschliman
Edwina P. Kisanga
Long Jie Huang
Ohemaa B. Poku
Becky L. Genberg
Danielle German
Sarah M. Murray
Lawrence H. Yang
Michelle R. Kaufman
The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
BMC Public Health
Stigma
Discrimination
Structural factors
Scoping review
Quantitative
Qualitative
title The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
title_full The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
title_fullStr The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
title_full_unstemmed The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
title_short The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
title_sort use and operationalization of structural stigma in health related research a scoping review
topic Stigma
Discrimination
Structural factors
Scoping review
Quantitative
Qualitative
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21171-8
work_keys_str_mv AT evanleschliman theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT edwinapkisanga theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT longjiehuang theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT ohemaabpoku theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT beckylgenberg theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT daniellegerman theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT sarahmmurray theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT lawrencehyang theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT michellerkaufman theuseandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT evanleschliman useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT edwinapkisanga useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT longjiehuang useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT ohemaabpoku useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT beckylgenberg useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT daniellegerman useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT sarahmmurray useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT lawrencehyang useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview
AT michellerkaufman useandoperationalizationofstructuralstigmainhealthrelatedresearchascopingreview