Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, China

IntroductionThe systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have recently been reported as novel inflammatory markers of diabetes. However, the associations of SII and SIRI with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are unclear. In our study, we...

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Main Authors: Yijin Wang, Qinqin Ren, Hui Yuan, Yang Wang, Yao Liu, Yuanhuan Wei, Ruifang Sun, Hongguang Yang, Ping Tian, Jianjun Yang, Guifang Deng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1486848/full
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author Yijin Wang
Qinqin Ren
Hui Yuan
Yang Wang
Yao Liu
Yuanhuan Wei
Ruifang Sun
Hongguang Yang
Ping Tian
Jianjun Yang
Guifang Deng
author_facet Yijin Wang
Qinqin Ren
Hui Yuan
Yang Wang
Yao Liu
Yuanhuan Wei
Ruifang Sun
Hongguang Yang
Ping Tian
Jianjun Yang
Guifang Deng
author_sort Yijin Wang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have recently been reported as novel inflammatory markers of diabetes. However, the associations of SII and SIRI with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are unclear. In our study, we explored the association between the SII and SIRI in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM in pregnant women.MethodsA prospective cohort of 1,505 pregnant women were recruited at 6–13 weeks of gestation in 2019 and 2020 in Shenzhen, China. SII and SIRI were determined by calculating the composite inflammation indicators from routine blood test results at 6–13 weeks of gestation, and an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at 24–28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. Logistic regression was used to analyse the correlations between the incidence of GDM and SII and SIRI. Using a restriction cubic spline with baseline SII and SIRI as continuous variables, the dose–response associations between the incidence of GDM and SII and SIRI were explored.ResultsFollowing Ln-transformation of the SII and SIRI, multivariate models showed that Ln (SII) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.759; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.272–2.432) and Ln (SIRI) (OR = 1.556; 95% CI: 1.187–2.042) were positively associated with the risk of GDM in a dose-dependent manner. The OR for the highest quartile of SII compared with the lowest quartile for the risk of GDM was 2.080 (95% CI: 1.447–2.990), and the OR for the highest quartile of SIRI compared with the lowest quartile was 1.694 (95% CI: 1.170–2.452). The restricted cubic spline model confirmed a linear association between Ln (SII) and Ln (SIRI) with the risk of GDM (p-nonlinear > 0.05).DiscussionHigher SII and SIRI in early pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of GDM. As novel, valuable, and convenient indicators of inflammation, SII and SIRI could be used to a potential predictor for GDM in early pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-d735bca9b2974f93b1025645bcaa7e362025-08-20T02:45:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-02-011610.3389/fendo.2025.14868481486848Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, ChinaYijin Wang0Qinqin Ren1Hui Yuan2Yang Wang3Yao Liu4Yuanhuan Wei5Ruifang Sun6Hongguang Yang7Ping Tian8Jianjun Yang9Guifang Deng10Department of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, ChinaDepartment of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, ChinaDepartment of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, ChinaDepartment of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Children Healthcare, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaIntroductionThe systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) have recently been reported as novel inflammatory markers of diabetes. However, the associations of SII and SIRI with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are unclear. In our study, we explored the association between the SII and SIRI in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM in pregnant women.MethodsA prospective cohort of 1,505 pregnant women were recruited at 6–13 weeks of gestation in 2019 and 2020 in Shenzhen, China. SII and SIRI were determined by calculating the composite inflammation indicators from routine blood test results at 6–13 weeks of gestation, and an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at 24–28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. Logistic regression was used to analyse the correlations between the incidence of GDM and SII and SIRI. Using a restriction cubic spline with baseline SII and SIRI as continuous variables, the dose–response associations between the incidence of GDM and SII and SIRI were explored.ResultsFollowing Ln-transformation of the SII and SIRI, multivariate models showed that Ln (SII) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.759; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.272–2.432) and Ln (SIRI) (OR = 1.556; 95% CI: 1.187–2.042) were positively associated with the risk of GDM in a dose-dependent manner. The OR for the highest quartile of SII compared with the lowest quartile for the risk of GDM was 2.080 (95% CI: 1.447–2.990), and the OR for the highest quartile of SIRI compared with the lowest quartile was 1.694 (95% CI: 1.170–2.452). The restricted cubic spline model confirmed a linear association between Ln (SII) and Ln (SIRI) with the risk of GDM (p-nonlinear > 0.05).DiscussionHigher SII and SIRI in early pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of GDM. As novel, valuable, and convenient indicators of inflammation, SII and SIRI could be used to a potential predictor for GDM in early pregnancy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1486848/fullsystemic immune-inflammation indexsystemic inflammation response indexinflammationgestational diabetes mellituspregnantfirst-trimester
spellingShingle Yijin Wang
Qinqin Ren
Hui Yuan
Yang Wang
Yao Liu
Yuanhuan Wei
Ruifang Sun
Hongguang Yang
Ping Tian
Jianjun Yang
Guifang Deng
Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, China
Frontiers in Endocrinology
systemic immune-inflammation index
systemic inflammation response index
inflammation
gestational diabetes mellitus
pregnant
first-trimester
title Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, China
title_full Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, China
title_fullStr Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, China
title_full_unstemmed Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, China
title_short Association of serum inflammatory markers in early-pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort in Shenzhen, China
title_sort association of serum inflammatory markers in early pregnancy with the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus a prospective cohort in shenzhen china
topic systemic immune-inflammation index
systemic inflammation response index
inflammation
gestational diabetes mellitus
pregnant
first-trimester
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1486848/full
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