Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>

The synergism between plant growth-promoting bacteria species (PGPB) was evaluated regarding the effect of inoculation on productivity and the physiological aspects of <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>. The study included seven experimental groups arranged in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial design consist...

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Main Authors: Lorena Emanuelle da Mata Terra, Marinalva Martins dos Santos, Maria Carolina Soares Lopes, Daiane Antunes Pinheiro, Érika Manuela Gonçalves Lopes, Amanda Santos Soares, Thiago Gomes dos Santos Braz, Silvia Nietsche, Junio Cota
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2349
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author Lorena Emanuelle da Mata Terra
Marinalva Martins dos Santos
Maria Carolina Soares Lopes
Daiane Antunes Pinheiro
Érika Manuela Gonçalves Lopes
Amanda Santos Soares
Thiago Gomes dos Santos Braz
Silvia Nietsche
Junio Cota
author_facet Lorena Emanuelle da Mata Terra
Marinalva Martins dos Santos
Maria Carolina Soares Lopes
Daiane Antunes Pinheiro
Érika Manuela Gonçalves Lopes
Amanda Santos Soares
Thiago Gomes dos Santos Braz
Silvia Nietsche
Junio Cota
author_sort Lorena Emanuelle da Mata Terra
collection DOAJ
description The synergism between plant growth-promoting bacteria species (PGPB) was evaluated regarding the effect of inoculation on productivity and the physiological aspects of <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>. The study included seven experimental groups arranged in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial design consisting of three inoculants (<i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. isolate EB-40, and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. isolate EB-40 + <i>A. brasilense</i> mixture), two application methods (seed and foliar spray), and controls. The MIX conjugate inoculation significantly increased plant height in all three harvests, with gains of 57%. At 60 and 90 days, MIX increased the number of tillers by 47% and the number of leaves by 61% compared to other treatments in all harvests. MIX also increased shoot dry mass in the second and third harvests, with improvements of 57–60% compared to the control. MIX improved the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and the ratio between variable and maximum chlorophyll fluorescence. Maximum fluorescence (Fm) was 11% higher in MIX-treated plants compared to the control, indicating increased potential photosynthesis. Variable fluorescence (Fv) efficiency improved by 22% for inoculation with <i>A. brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Our study reveals that <i>A. brasilense</i> plus the <i>Bacillus</i> sp. isolate EB-40 (MIX) has the potential to improve the resilience and productivity of <i>U. brizantha</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-d7323c9a21e0451fb3a215ae2be83fe52025-08-20T02:01:05ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-12-011412234910.3390/agriculture14122349Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>Lorena Emanuelle da Mata Terra0Marinalva Martins dos Santos1Maria Carolina Soares Lopes2Daiane Antunes Pinheiro3Érika Manuela Gonçalves Lopes4Amanda Santos Soares5Thiago Gomes dos Santos Braz6Silvia Nietsche7Junio Cota8Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, BrazilThe synergism between plant growth-promoting bacteria species (PGPB) was evaluated regarding the effect of inoculation on productivity and the physiological aspects of <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>. The study included seven experimental groups arranged in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial design consisting of three inoculants (<i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. isolate EB-40, and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. isolate EB-40 + <i>A. brasilense</i> mixture), two application methods (seed and foliar spray), and controls. The MIX conjugate inoculation significantly increased plant height in all three harvests, with gains of 57%. At 60 and 90 days, MIX increased the number of tillers by 47% and the number of leaves by 61% compared to other treatments in all harvests. MIX also increased shoot dry mass in the second and third harvests, with improvements of 57–60% compared to the control. MIX improved the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and the ratio between variable and maximum chlorophyll fluorescence. Maximum fluorescence (Fm) was 11% higher in MIX-treated plants compared to the control, indicating increased potential photosynthesis. Variable fluorescence (Fv) efficiency improved by 22% for inoculation with <i>A. brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Our study reveals that <i>A. brasilense</i> plus the <i>Bacillus</i> sp. isolate EB-40 (MIX) has the potential to improve the resilience and productivity of <i>U. brizantha</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2349plant growth-promoting bacteria<i>Urochloa brizantha</i>chlorophyll fluorescencephotosynthesisforage biomass
spellingShingle Lorena Emanuelle da Mata Terra
Marinalva Martins dos Santos
Maria Carolina Soares Lopes
Daiane Antunes Pinheiro
Érika Manuela Gonçalves Lopes
Amanda Santos Soares
Thiago Gomes dos Santos Braz
Silvia Nietsche
Junio Cota
Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
Agriculture
plant growth-promoting bacteria
<i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
chlorophyll fluorescence
photosynthesis
forage biomass
title Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
title_full Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
title_fullStr Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
title_full_unstemmed Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
title_short Co-Inoculation of <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. Enhances Biomass and Photosynthetic Efficiency in <i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
title_sort co inoculation of i azospirillum brasilense i and i bacillus i sp enhances biomass and photosynthetic efficiency in i urochloa brizantha i
topic plant growth-promoting bacteria
<i>Urochloa brizantha</i>
chlorophyll fluorescence
photosynthesis
forage biomass
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2349
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