HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions
HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of successful interventions and treatment protocols, an HIV vaccine would be the ultimate prevention and control strategy. Ever since identification of HIV/AIDS, there have been meticulous efforts for vaccine development. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560347 |
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| author | Muni Rubens Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy Anshul Saxena Nancy Shehadeh Sandeep Appunni |
| author_facet | Muni Rubens Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy Anshul Saxena Nancy Shehadeh Sandeep Appunni |
| author_sort | Muni Rubens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | HIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of successful interventions and treatment protocols, an HIV vaccine would be the ultimate prevention and control strategy. Ever since identification of HIV/AIDS, there have been meticulous efforts for vaccine development. The specific aim of this paper is to review recent vaccine efficacy trials and associated advancements and discuss the current challenges and future directions. Recombinant DNA technologies greatly facilitated development of many viral products which were later incorporated into vectors for effective vaccines. Over the years, a number of scientific approaches have gained popularity and include the induction of neutralizing antibodies in late 1980s, induction of CD8 T cell in early 1990s, and combination approaches currently. Scientists have hypothesized that stimulation of right sequences of somatic hypermutations could induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) capable of effective neutralization and viral elimination. Studies have shown that a number of host and viral factors affect these processes. Similarly, eliciting specific CD8 T cells immune responses through DNA vaccines hold future promises. In summary, future studies should focus on the continuous fight between host immune responses and ever-evasive viral factors for effective vaccines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d71c8ef3cbca4da3bd7ae95b7d548d31 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d71c8ef3cbca4da3bd7ae95b7d548d312025-08-20T03:19:47ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562015-01-01201510.1155/2015/560347560347HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future DirectionsMuni Rubens0Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy1Anshul Saxena2Nancy Shehadeh3Sandeep Appunni4Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-4, No. 405, Miami, FL 33199, USAFlorida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-5, No. 305, Miami, FL 33199, USAFlorida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-4, No. 405, Miami, FL 33199, USAFlorida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC-4, No. 405, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, IndiaHIV/AIDS is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In spite of successful interventions and treatment protocols, an HIV vaccine would be the ultimate prevention and control strategy. Ever since identification of HIV/AIDS, there have been meticulous efforts for vaccine development. The specific aim of this paper is to review recent vaccine efficacy trials and associated advancements and discuss the current challenges and future directions. Recombinant DNA technologies greatly facilitated development of many viral products which were later incorporated into vectors for effective vaccines. Over the years, a number of scientific approaches have gained popularity and include the induction of neutralizing antibodies in late 1980s, induction of CD8 T cell in early 1990s, and combination approaches currently. Scientists have hypothesized that stimulation of right sequences of somatic hypermutations could induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) capable of effective neutralization and viral elimination. Studies have shown that a number of host and viral factors affect these processes. Similarly, eliciting specific CD8 T cells immune responses through DNA vaccines hold future promises. In summary, future studies should focus on the continuous fight between host immune responses and ever-evasive viral factors for effective vaccines.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560347 |
| spellingShingle | Muni Rubens Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy Anshul Saxena Nancy Shehadeh Sandeep Appunni HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions |
| title_full | HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions |
| title_short | HIV Vaccine: Recent Advances, Current Roadblocks, and Future Directions |
| title_sort | hiv vaccine recent advances current roadblocks and future directions |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/560347 |
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