Environmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities

Abstract In this study, environmental DNA was used to assess marine diversity across the southern part of Okinawa Island, Japan, located in the subtropics. Diversity analysis was performed for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Differences in diversity were detected between the west side of Okinawa (an are...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kodai Gibu, Kohei Hamamoto, Keita Koeda, Miyuki Nishijima, Hiroki Kise, Masaru Mizuyama, Atsushi Suzuki, Nobuyuki Aoki, Nina Yasuda, Akira Iguchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05106-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849335038090412032
author Kodai Gibu
Kohei Hamamoto
Keita Koeda
Miyuki Nishijima
Hiroki Kise
Masaru Mizuyama
Atsushi Suzuki
Nobuyuki Aoki
Nina Yasuda
Akira Iguchi
author_facet Kodai Gibu
Kohei Hamamoto
Keita Koeda
Miyuki Nishijima
Hiroki Kise
Masaru Mizuyama
Atsushi Suzuki
Nobuyuki Aoki
Nina Yasuda
Akira Iguchi
author_sort Kodai Gibu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this study, environmental DNA was used to assess marine diversity across the southern part of Okinawa Island, Japan, located in the subtropics. Diversity analysis was performed for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Differences in diversity were detected between the west side of Okinawa (an area exposed to groundwater influenced by land-derived loads) and the east side (an area where coral reefs, beaches, and seagrass beds coexist). In particular, the community composition of prokaryotes, for which 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis was performed, differed markedly between the east and west sides of the island. Differences in the composition of eukaryotic communities between the east and west coasts are relatively unclear, likely due to the fact that 18S rRNA metabarcoding targets a wide range of species (including almost all eukaryotic taxonomic groups), making it difficult to identify differences. On the other hand, MiFish analysis indicated that distributions of various fish species differed markedly between the east and west coasts of the island, suggesting a close relationship between differences in the coastal environment and the habitat selection by fish. We show that prokaryotic communities can be evaluated using eDNA analysis in order to monitor extensive geographic environments via water cycles. This can then be used to promote understanding of geographic variations of marine community structures of eukaryotes, including fish.
format Article
id doaj-art-d7099ea1b7e94763abf5482bf7c8a7d0
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-d7099ea1b7e94763abf5482bf7c8a7d02025-08-20T03:45:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-05106-wEnvironmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communitiesKodai Gibu0Kohei Hamamoto1Keita Koeda2Miyuki Nishijima3Hiroki Kise4Masaru Mizuyama5Atsushi Suzuki6Nobuyuki Aoki7Nina Yasuda8Akira Iguchi9RNAGeological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Ehime UniversityFaculty of Science, University of the RyukyusRNAGeological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)RNAGeological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Meio UniversityRNAGeological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Integrated Research Center for Nature Positive Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoRNAGeological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Abstract In this study, environmental DNA was used to assess marine diversity across the southern part of Okinawa Island, Japan, located in the subtropics. Diversity analysis was performed for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Differences in diversity were detected between the west side of Okinawa (an area exposed to groundwater influenced by land-derived loads) and the east side (an area where coral reefs, beaches, and seagrass beds coexist). In particular, the community composition of prokaryotes, for which 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis was performed, differed markedly between the east and west sides of the island. Differences in the composition of eukaryotic communities between the east and west coasts are relatively unclear, likely due to the fact that 18S rRNA metabarcoding targets a wide range of species (including almost all eukaryotic taxonomic groups), making it difficult to identify differences. On the other hand, MiFish analysis indicated that distributions of various fish species differed markedly between the east and west coasts of the island, suggesting a close relationship between differences in the coastal environment and the habitat selection by fish. We show that prokaryotic communities can be evaluated using eDNA analysis in order to monitor extensive geographic environments via water cycles. This can then be used to promote understanding of geographic variations of marine community structures of eukaryotes, including fish.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05106-w
spellingShingle Kodai Gibu
Kohei Hamamoto
Keita Koeda
Miyuki Nishijima
Hiroki Kise
Masaru Mizuyama
Atsushi Suzuki
Nobuyuki Aoki
Nina Yasuda
Akira Iguchi
Environmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities
Scientific Reports
title Environmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities
title_full Environmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities
title_fullStr Environmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities
title_full_unstemmed Environmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities
title_short Environmental DNA analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities
title_sort environmental dna analysis at multiple taxonomic levels highlights geographic variation in subtropical coastal marine communities
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05106-w
work_keys_str_mv AT kodaigibu environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT koheihamamoto environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT keitakoeda environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT miyukinishijima environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT hirokikise environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT masarumizuyama environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT atsushisuzuki environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT nobuyukiaoki environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT ninayasuda environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities
AT akiraiguchi environmentaldnaanalysisatmultipletaxonomiclevelshighlightsgeographicvariationinsubtropicalcoastalmarinecommunities