Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement System
In complex electromagnetic environments, such as substations, converter stations in power systems, and the compartments of aircraft, trains, and automobiles, electromagnetic immunity testing is crucial. It requires that the electric field sensor has features such as a large dynamic measurement range...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Shaoyin He Xiangyu Chen Bohao Zhang Liang Song |
| author_facet | Shaoyin He Xiangyu Chen Bohao Zhang Liang Song |
| author_sort | Shaoyin He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In complex electromagnetic environments, such as substations, converter stations in power systems, and the compartments of aircraft, trains, and automobiles, electromagnetic immunity testing is crucial. It requires that the electric field sensor has features such as a large dynamic measurement range (amplitude from hundreds of V/m to tens of kV/m), a fast response speed (response time in the order of nanoseconds or sub-nanoseconds), a wide test bandwidth (DC to 1 GHz even above), miniaturization, and robustness to strong electromagnetic interference. This paper introduces a multi-channel, ultra-wideband transient electric field measurement system. The system’s analog bandwidth covers the spectrum from DC and a power frequency of 50 Hz to partial discharge signals, from DC to 1.65 GHz, with a storage depth of 2 GB (expandable). It overcomes issues related to the instability, insufficient bandwidth, and lack of accuracy of optical fibers in analog signal transmission by using front-end digital sampling based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology and transmitting digital signals via optical fibers. This approach is effectively applicable to measurements in strong electromagnetic environments. Additionally, the system can simultaneously access four channels of signals, with synchronization timing reaching 300 picoseconds, can be connected to voltage and current sensors simultaneously, and the front-end sensor can be flexibly replaced. The performance of the system is verified by means of a disconnect switch operation and steady state test in an HVDC converter station. It is effectively applicable in scenarios such as the online monitoring of transient electromagnetic environments in high-voltage power equipment, fault diagnosis, and the precise localization of radiation sources such as partial discharge or intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI). |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d7068f2ba12a418880cc6c8983206bb62025-08-20T02:03:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01254115910.3390/s25041159Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement SystemShaoyin He0Xiangyu Chen1Bohao Zhang2Liang Song3State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaIn complex electromagnetic environments, such as substations, converter stations in power systems, and the compartments of aircraft, trains, and automobiles, electromagnetic immunity testing is crucial. It requires that the electric field sensor has features such as a large dynamic measurement range (amplitude from hundreds of V/m to tens of kV/m), a fast response speed (response time in the order of nanoseconds or sub-nanoseconds), a wide test bandwidth (DC to 1 GHz even above), miniaturization, and robustness to strong electromagnetic interference. This paper introduces a multi-channel, ultra-wideband transient electric field measurement system. The system’s analog bandwidth covers the spectrum from DC and a power frequency of 50 Hz to partial discharge signals, from DC to 1.65 GHz, with a storage depth of 2 GB (expandable). It overcomes issues related to the instability, insufficient bandwidth, and lack of accuracy of optical fibers in analog signal transmission by using front-end digital sampling based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology and transmitting digital signals via optical fibers. This approach is effectively applicable to measurements in strong electromagnetic environments. Additionally, the system can simultaneously access four channels of signals, with synchronization timing reaching 300 picoseconds, can be connected to voltage and current sensors simultaneously, and the front-end sensor can be flexibly replaced. The performance of the system is verified by means of a disconnect switch operation and steady state test in an HVDC converter station. It is effectively applicable in scenarios such as the online monitoring of transient electromagnetic environments in high-voltage power equipment, fault diagnosis, and the precise localization of radiation sources such as partial discharge or intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI).https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1159transient electric field measurementultra-wideband electromagnetic pulseelectric field probefield programmable gate array |
| spellingShingle | Shaoyin He Xiangyu Chen Bohao Zhang Liang Song Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement System Sensors transient electric field measurement ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse electric field probe field programmable gate array |
| title | Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement System |
| title_full | Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement System |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement System |
| title_short | Development of a Multi-Channel Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Transient Measurement System |
| title_sort | development of a multi channel ultra wideband electromagnetic transient measurement system |
| topic | transient electric field measurement ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse electric field probe field programmable gate array |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1159 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shaoyinhe developmentofamultichannelultrawidebandelectromagnetictransientmeasurementsystem AT xiangyuchen developmentofamultichannelultrawidebandelectromagnetictransientmeasurementsystem AT bohaozhang developmentofamultichannelultrawidebandelectromagnetictransientmeasurementsystem AT liangsong developmentofamultichannelultrawidebandelectromagnetictransientmeasurementsystem |