Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation Coefficient

As the power system develops towards a high proportion of renewable energy sources and power electronic devices, the power system suffers from poor frequency stability due to the lack of synthetic inertia. The grid-forming energy storage can not only improve the frequency dynamic response of the gen...

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Main Authors: Kaize Zheng, Le Wang, Zhenghong Tu, Ying Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5544
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author Kaize Zheng
Le Wang
Zhenghong Tu
Ying Xu
author_facet Kaize Zheng
Le Wang
Zhenghong Tu
Ying Xu
author_sort Kaize Zheng
collection DOAJ
description As the power system develops towards a high proportion of renewable energy sources and power electronic devices, the power system suffers from poor frequency stability due to the lack of synthetic inertia. The grid-forming energy storage can not only improve the frequency dynamic response of the generator and enhance inertia support capability but can also realize the peak regulation and valley filling of the power system. But its relatively high configuration cost restricts its development and construction. Therefore, how to rationally configure the grid-forming energy storage and grid-following energy storage within the power system by means of corresponding technical approaches has become the focal point of academic research. This study proposes a method for evaluating the inertia distribution characteristics of the power system based on the network equations of the power system. Furthermore, the demand for grid-forming energy storage at each node of the power system under different operation scenarios can be quantified according to this method. Finally, an optimization configuration method for an energy storage system that can improve the inertia distribution characteristics of the power system is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified through the 39-bus system.
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issn 2076-3417
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publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-d7058bf6bcb24776bbb8868b8b20b66f2025-08-20T02:33:30ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011510554410.3390/app15105544Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation CoefficientKaize Zheng0Le Wang1Zhenghong Tu2Ying Xu3School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaDatang North China Electric Power Test and Research Institute, China Datang Corporation Science and Technology General Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100043, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, ChinaAs the power system develops towards a high proportion of renewable energy sources and power electronic devices, the power system suffers from poor frequency stability due to the lack of synthetic inertia. The grid-forming energy storage can not only improve the frequency dynamic response of the generator and enhance inertia support capability but can also realize the peak regulation and valley filling of the power system. But its relatively high configuration cost restricts its development and construction. Therefore, how to rationally configure the grid-forming energy storage and grid-following energy storage within the power system by means of corresponding technical approaches has become the focal point of academic research. This study proposes a method for evaluating the inertia distribution characteristics of the power system based on the network equations of the power system. Furthermore, the demand for grid-forming energy storage at each node of the power system under different operation scenarios can be quantified according to this method. Finally, an optimization configuration method for an energy storage system that can improve the inertia distribution characteristics of the power system is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified through the 39-bus system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5544inertia distribution characteristicsgrid-forming energy storageenergy storage system configurationinertia support capability
spellingShingle Kaize Zheng
Le Wang
Zhenghong Tu
Ying Xu
Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation Coefficient
Applied Sciences
inertia distribution characteristics
grid-forming energy storage
energy storage system configuration
inertia support capability
title Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation Coefficient
title_full Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation Coefficient
title_fullStr Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation Coefficient
title_full_unstemmed Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation Coefficient
title_short Optimization Configuration Method for Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Energy Storage Based on Node Frequency Deviation Coefficient
title_sort optimization configuration method for grid forming and grid following energy storage based on node frequency deviation coefficient
topic inertia distribution characteristics
grid-forming energy storage
energy storage system configuration
inertia support capability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/10/5544
work_keys_str_mv AT kaizezheng optimizationconfigurationmethodforgridformingandgridfollowingenergystoragebasedonnodefrequencydeviationcoefficient
AT lewang optimizationconfigurationmethodforgridformingandgridfollowingenergystoragebasedonnodefrequencydeviationcoefficient
AT zhenghongtu optimizationconfigurationmethodforgridformingandgridfollowingenergystoragebasedonnodefrequencydeviationcoefficient
AT yingxu optimizationconfigurationmethodforgridformingandgridfollowingenergystoragebasedonnodefrequencydeviationcoefficient