Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes
Within living cells, chromosome shapes undergo a striking morphological transition, from loose and uncondensed fibers during interphase to compacted and cylindrical structures during mitosis. ATP driven loop extrusion performed by a specialized protein complex, condensin, has recently emerged as a k...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Nucleus |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19491034.2025.2497765 |
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| author | Giada Forte Lora Boteva Nick Gilbert Peter R. Cook Davide Marenduzzo |
| author_facet | Giada Forte Lora Boteva Nick Gilbert Peter R. Cook Davide Marenduzzo |
| author_sort | Giada Forte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Within living cells, chromosome shapes undergo a striking morphological transition, from loose and uncondensed fibers during interphase to compacted and cylindrical structures during mitosis. ATP driven loop extrusion performed by a specialized protein complex, condensin, has recently emerged as a key driver of this transition. However, while this mechanism can successfully recapitulate the compaction of chromatids during the early stages of mitosis, it cannot capture structures observed after prophase. Here we hypothesize that a condensin bridging activity plays an additional important role, and review evidence – obtained largely through molecular dynamics simulations – that, in combination with loop extrusion, it can generate compact metaphase cylinders. Additionally, the resulting model qualitatively explains the unusual elastic properties of mitotic chromosomes observed in micromanipulation experiments and provides insights into the role of condensins in the formation of abnormal chromosome structures associated with common fragile sites. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d70176e24f6b4528ad48384a706bb8db |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1949-1034 1949-1042 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nucleus |
| spelling | doaj-art-d70176e24f6b4528ad48384a706bb8db2025-08-20T03:52:51ZengTaylor & Francis GroupNucleus1949-10341949-10422025-12-0116110.1080/19491034.2025.2497765Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomesGiada Forte0Lora Boteva1Nick Gilbert2Peter R. Cook3Davide Marenduzzo4SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UKMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UKSir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKSUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKWithin living cells, chromosome shapes undergo a striking morphological transition, from loose and uncondensed fibers during interphase to compacted and cylindrical structures during mitosis. ATP driven loop extrusion performed by a specialized protein complex, condensin, has recently emerged as a key driver of this transition. However, while this mechanism can successfully recapitulate the compaction of chromatids during the early stages of mitosis, it cannot capture structures observed after prophase. Here we hypothesize that a condensin bridging activity plays an additional important role, and review evidence – obtained largely through molecular dynamics simulations – that, in combination with loop extrusion, it can generate compact metaphase cylinders. Additionally, the resulting model qualitatively explains the unusual elastic properties of mitotic chromosomes observed in micromanipulation experiments and provides insights into the role of condensins in the formation of abnormal chromosome structures associated with common fragile sites.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19491034.2025.2497765Bridging activitychromatincondensinmitotic compactioncommon fragile sites |
| spellingShingle | Giada Forte Lora Boteva Nick Gilbert Peter R. Cook Davide Marenduzzo Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes Nucleus Bridging activity chromatin condensin mitotic compaction common fragile sites |
| title | Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes |
| title_full | Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes |
| title_fullStr | Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes |
| title_short | Bridging-mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes |
| title_sort | bridging mediated compaction of mitotic chromosomes |
| topic | Bridging activity chromatin condensin mitotic compaction common fragile sites |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19491034.2025.2497765 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giadaforte bridgingmediatedcompactionofmitoticchromosomes AT loraboteva bridgingmediatedcompactionofmitoticchromosomes AT nickgilbert bridgingmediatedcompactionofmitoticchromosomes AT peterrcook bridgingmediatedcompactionofmitoticchromosomes AT davidemarenduzzo bridgingmediatedcompactionofmitoticchromosomes |