Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat Treatment
(1) Background: At the time of harvest, the stems of broccoli are frequently discarded. (2) Methods: In this study, the sulforaphane content and glucosinolate profile of broccoli stems were analyzed at different temperature treatments. (3) Results: Thermal treatment of broccoli stems for 1 h resulte...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/4/383 |
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| author | Yu-Hong Zhang Xue-Yi Liao Zheng-Hong Li Yu-Feng Guo Ming-Xin Ma Guo-Qiang Zhang |
| author_facet | Yu-Hong Zhang Xue-Yi Liao Zheng-Hong Li Yu-Feng Guo Ming-Xin Ma Guo-Qiang Zhang |
| author_sort | Yu-Hong Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: At the time of harvest, the stems of broccoli are frequently discarded. (2) Methods: In this study, the sulforaphane content and glucosinolate profile of broccoli stems were analyzed at different temperature treatments. (3) Results: Thermal treatment of broccoli stems for 1 h resulted in maximal sulforaphane content at 50 °C, with a subsequent progressive reduction in concentration correlating to elevated temperatures. Metabolomic analysis was conducted on broccoli stem samples subjected to 25 °C (CK), 50 °C, and 80 °C treatments. Among the 25 identified GSLs, the 50 °C-treated samples demonstrated significantly reduced GSL accumulation, whereas the 80 °C group exhibited maximal GSL retention. Indole derivatives predominated among the three GSL subclasses (aliphatic, aromatic, and indole), accounting for approximately 70% of total GSLs across all groups. The observed GSL depletion at 50 °C correlated with enhanced sulforaphane biosynthesis. Comparative analysis further indicated that 80 °C treatment induced a more pronounced elevation of indole GSLs compared to aliphatic and aromatic counterparts in broccoli stems. (4) Conclusions: The results demonstrated that indole GSLs in broccoli stems exhibit superior thermal stability. Moderate thermal treatments effectively enhance sulforaphane content, whereas exposure to 80 °C significantly increases total GSL content. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6fb0f80f1764b42a90b2fbd6aa79c73 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6fb0f80f1764b42a90b2fbd6aa79c732025-08-20T02:18:11ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-04-0111438310.3390/horticulturae11040383Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat TreatmentYu-Hong Zhang0Xue-Yi Liao1Zheng-Hong Li2Yu-Feng Guo3Ming-Xin Ma4Guo-Qiang Zhang5State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, ChinaCollege of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaCollege of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China(1) Background: At the time of harvest, the stems of broccoli are frequently discarded. (2) Methods: In this study, the sulforaphane content and glucosinolate profile of broccoli stems were analyzed at different temperature treatments. (3) Results: Thermal treatment of broccoli stems for 1 h resulted in maximal sulforaphane content at 50 °C, with a subsequent progressive reduction in concentration correlating to elevated temperatures. Metabolomic analysis was conducted on broccoli stem samples subjected to 25 °C (CK), 50 °C, and 80 °C treatments. Among the 25 identified GSLs, the 50 °C-treated samples demonstrated significantly reduced GSL accumulation, whereas the 80 °C group exhibited maximal GSL retention. Indole derivatives predominated among the three GSL subclasses (aliphatic, aromatic, and indole), accounting for approximately 70% of total GSLs across all groups. The observed GSL depletion at 50 °C correlated with enhanced sulforaphane biosynthesis. Comparative analysis further indicated that 80 °C treatment induced a more pronounced elevation of indole GSLs compared to aliphatic and aromatic counterparts in broccoli stems. (4) Conclusions: The results demonstrated that indole GSLs in broccoli stems exhibit superior thermal stability. Moderate thermal treatments effectively enhance sulforaphane content, whereas exposure to 80 °C significantly increases total GSL content.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/4/383broccoliglucosinolateheat stresssulforaphanemetabonomics |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Hong Zhang Xue-Yi Liao Zheng-Hong Li Yu-Feng Guo Ming-Xin Ma Guo-Qiang Zhang Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat Treatment Horticulturae broccoli glucosinolate heat stress sulforaphane metabonomics |
| title | Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat Treatment |
| title_full | Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat Treatment |
| title_short | Insight into the Sulforaphane Content and Glucosinolate Profile of Broccoli Stems After Heat Treatment |
| title_sort | insight into the sulforaphane content and glucosinolate profile of broccoli stems after heat treatment |
| topic | broccoli glucosinolate heat stress sulforaphane metabonomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/4/383 |
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