Poor hypotheses and research waste in biology: learning from a theory crisis in psychology

Abstract While psychologists have extensively discussed the notion of a “theory crisis” arising from vague and incorrect hypotheses, there has been no debate about such a crisis in biology. However, biologists have long discussed communication failures between theoreticians and empiricists. We argue...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shinichi Nakagawa, David W. Armitage, Tom Froese, Yefeng Yang, Malgorzata Lagisz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Biology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02134-w
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Summary:Abstract While psychologists have extensively discussed the notion of a “theory crisis” arising from vague and incorrect hypotheses, there has been no debate about such a crisis in biology. However, biologists have long discussed communication failures between theoreticians and empiricists. We argue such failure is one aspect of a theory crisis because misapplied and misunderstood theories lead to poor hypotheses and research waste. We review its solutions and compare them with methodology-focused solutions proposed for replication crises. We conclude by discussing how promoting inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility (IDEA) in theoretical biology could contribute to ameliorating breakdowns in the theory-empirical cycle.
ISSN:1741-7007