A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential metabolite contributing to cellular energy needs and its decline is associated with age-related disorders. Comprehensive analysis of the NAD+ landscape following NAD+ supplementation therapies would provide a broader understanding of...

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Main Authors: Omprakash Nacham, Jordan W. Brown, Mohammad Mehdi Maneshi, Victoria Kurschner, Mike Sheehan, Renee Sadowski, Chris Ling, Nari Talaty, Robert Johnson, Andrew M. Swensen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97834-2
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author Omprakash Nacham
Jordan W. Brown
Mohammad Mehdi Maneshi
Victoria Kurschner
Mike Sheehan
Renee Sadowski
Chris Ling
Nari Talaty
Robert Johnson
Andrew M. Swensen
author_facet Omprakash Nacham
Jordan W. Brown
Mohammad Mehdi Maneshi
Victoria Kurschner
Mike Sheehan
Renee Sadowski
Chris Ling
Nari Talaty
Robert Johnson
Andrew M. Swensen
author_sort Omprakash Nacham
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential metabolite contributing to cellular energy needs and its decline is associated with age-related disorders. Comprehensive analysis of the NAD+ landscape following NAD+ supplementation therapies would provide a broader understanding of impacts on NAD+ pathway biology. However, the analysis of NAD+ and its metabolites is challenging owing to their polar nature and low retention on reverse phase columns. We have developed and optimized a mixed-mode (reverse-phase/anion-exchange) chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for analysis of NAD+ precursors and their metabolic products from biological sample matrices. Attributes including mobile phase ionic strength and column temperature effects on LC-MS/MS performance were evaluated. Fit-for purpose method qualification was performed with regard to linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method described was developed to be compatible with NAD-Glo assay (bioluminescence-based plate reader assay) conditions for purposes of further validating NAD-Glo and allow for expanded NAD+ pathway profiling in NAD-Glo samples. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.94) was demonstrated between the two assays for tissue NAD+ measurements in mice treated with NAM supplementation. The LC-MS/MS and NAD-Glo data confirmed dose-dependent NAD+ boosting in mice lung and skin tissues after NAM treatment. In addition, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the highest dose of NAM (900 mg/kg) significantly increased NR, NMN, ADPR, NAM, and m-NAM levels. Overall, we present an LC-MS/MS based orthogonal platform to confirm NAD-Glo data and show applicability of the method to more broadly evaluate the NAD+ metabolome.
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spelling doaj-art-d6c57052f7b6435480cbb517e1f9a5942025-08-20T02:19:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-97834-2A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matricesOmprakash Nacham0Jordan W. Brown1Mohammad Mehdi Maneshi2Victoria Kurschner3Mike Sheehan4Renee Sadowski5Chris Ling6Nari Talaty7Robert Johnson8Andrew M. Swensen9AbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbbVieAbstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential metabolite contributing to cellular energy needs and its decline is associated with age-related disorders. Comprehensive analysis of the NAD+ landscape following NAD+ supplementation therapies would provide a broader understanding of impacts on NAD+ pathway biology. However, the analysis of NAD+ and its metabolites is challenging owing to their polar nature and low retention on reverse phase columns. We have developed and optimized a mixed-mode (reverse-phase/anion-exchange) chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for analysis of NAD+ precursors and their metabolic products from biological sample matrices. Attributes including mobile phase ionic strength and column temperature effects on LC-MS/MS performance were evaluated. Fit-for purpose method qualification was performed with regard to linearity, accuracy, and precision. The method described was developed to be compatible with NAD-Glo assay (bioluminescence-based plate reader assay) conditions for purposes of further validating NAD-Glo and allow for expanded NAD+ pathway profiling in NAD-Glo samples. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.94) was demonstrated between the two assays for tissue NAD+ measurements in mice treated with NAM supplementation. The LC-MS/MS and NAD-Glo data confirmed dose-dependent NAD+ boosting in mice lung and skin tissues after NAM treatment. In addition, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the highest dose of NAM (900 mg/kg) significantly increased NR, NMN, ADPR, NAM, and m-NAM levels. Overall, we present an LC-MS/MS based orthogonal platform to confirm NAD-Glo data and show applicability of the method to more broadly evaluate the NAD+ metabolome.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97834-2Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNicotinamideNAD-GloTargeted mass spectrometryMixed mode chromatographyNADomics
spellingShingle Omprakash Nacham
Jordan W. Brown
Mohammad Mehdi Maneshi
Victoria Kurschner
Mike Sheehan
Renee Sadowski
Chris Ling
Nari Talaty
Robert Johnson
Andrew M. Swensen
A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices
Scientific Reports
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide
NAD-Glo
Targeted mass spectrometry
Mixed mode chromatography
NADomics
title A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices
title_full A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices
title_fullStr A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices
title_full_unstemmed A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices
title_short A mixed-mode LC-MS-based method for comprehensive analysis of NAD and related metabolites from biological sample matrices
title_sort mixed mode lc ms based method for comprehensive analysis of nad and related metabolites from biological sample matrices
topic Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide
NAD-Glo
Targeted mass spectrometry
Mixed mode chromatography
NADomics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97834-2
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