Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract Background The blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BAR) is recognized as a novel prognostic indicator; however, there is a limited number of studies investigating the relationship between BAR and in-hospital mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the pre...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Medical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02338-4 |
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| author | Ruoqing Zhou Dianzhu Pan |
| author_facet | Ruoqing Zhou Dianzhu Pan |
| author_sort | Ruoqing Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BAR) is recognized as a novel prognostic indicator; however, there is a limited number of studies investigating the relationship between BAR and in-hospital mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the present investigation aims to explore the correlation between BAR and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in China. Methods This retrospective observational study enrolled a cohort of 1027 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between December 2022 and March 2023. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to ascertain the independent association between BAR and in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, stratified analyses were used to investigate potential interaction effects with variables, such as age, sex, COVID-19 Severity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus. Results A total of 117 patients (11.4%) died from various causes during hospitalization. Subsequent to adjustment for confounding variables, patients in the highest BAR tertile exhibited an elevated risk for in-hospital mortality relative to those in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio [HR] 2.44 [95% confidence interval CI 1.24–4.79]) when BAR was treated as a categorical variable. When considering BAR as a continuous variable, a 6% increase in the prevalence of in-hospital mortality was observed for each 1-unit increase in BAR (adjusted HR 1.06 [95% CI 1.03–1.08]; P < 0.001). Stratified analyses revealed a consistent association between BAR and in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. Conclusions BAR exhibited a significant relationship with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19, suggesting that a higher BAR is associated with a poorer prognosis. However, further research is required to confirm these findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6c20b18b664422296ad0c8c533c37b9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2047-783X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | European Journal of Medical Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6c20b18b664422296ad0c8c533c37b92025-02-09T12:26:49ZengBMCEuropean Journal of Medical Research2047-783X2025-02-0130111010.1186/s40001-025-02338-4Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort studyRuoqing Zhou0Dianzhu Pan1Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Background The blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BAR) is recognized as a novel prognostic indicator; however, there is a limited number of studies investigating the relationship between BAR and in-hospital mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the present investigation aims to explore the correlation between BAR and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in China. Methods This retrospective observational study enrolled a cohort of 1027 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between December 2022 and March 2023. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to ascertain the independent association between BAR and in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, stratified analyses were used to investigate potential interaction effects with variables, such as age, sex, COVID-19 Severity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus. Results A total of 117 patients (11.4%) died from various causes during hospitalization. Subsequent to adjustment for confounding variables, patients in the highest BAR tertile exhibited an elevated risk for in-hospital mortality relative to those in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio [HR] 2.44 [95% confidence interval CI 1.24–4.79]) when BAR was treated as a categorical variable. When considering BAR as a continuous variable, a 6% increase in the prevalence of in-hospital mortality was observed for each 1-unit increase in BAR (adjusted HR 1.06 [95% CI 1.03–1.08]; P < 0.001). Stratified analyses revealed a consistent association between BAR and in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. Conclusions BAR exhibited a significant relationship with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19, suggesting that a higher BAR is associated with a poorer prognosis. However, further research is required to confirm these findings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02338-4Blood–urea–nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio (BAR)COVID-19In-Hospital mortality |
| spellingShingle | Ruoqing Zhou Dianzhu Pan Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study European Journal of Medical Research Blood–urea–nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio (BAR) COVID-19 In-Hospital mortality |
| title | Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_full | Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_short | Association between blood–urea–nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_sort | association between blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio and in hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 a retrospective cohort study |
| topic | Blood–urea–nitrogen-to-serum albumin ratio (BAR) COVID-19 In-Hospital mortality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02338-4 |
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