Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause significant morbidity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients, particularly BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). BKPyV is primarily associated with hemorrhagic cystitis...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/403 |
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| author | Maria Alejandra Mendoza Hannah Imlay |
| author_facet | Maria Alejandra Mendoza Hannah Imlay |
| author_sort | Maria Alejandra Mendoza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyomaviruses (PyVs) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause significant morbidity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients, particularly BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). BKPyV is primarily associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), while JCPyV causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The pathogenesis of these diseases involves viral reactivation under immunosuppressive conditions, leading to replication in tissues such as the kidney, bladder, and central nervous system. BKPyV-HC presents as hematuria and urinary symptoms, graded by severity. PML, though rare after allo-HSCT, manifests as neurological deficits due to JCPyV replication in glial cells. Diagnosis relies on nucleic acid amplification testing for DNAuria or DNAemia as well as clinical criteria. Management primarily involves supportive care, as no antiviral treatments have proven consistently effective for either virus and need further research. This review highlights the virology, clinical presentations, and management challenges of PyV-associated diseases post-allo-HSCT, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches to mitigate morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6b926816756405a96fdb776c19c649c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6b926816756405a96fdb776c19c649c2025-08-20T02:43:10ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-03-0117340310.3390/v17030403Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationMaria Alejandra Mendoza0Hannah Imlay1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAPolyomaviruses (PyVs) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause significant morbidity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients, particularly BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). BKPyV is primarily associated with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), while JCPyV causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The pathogenesis of these diseases involves viral reactivation under immunosuppressive conditions, leading to replication in tissues such as the kidney, bladder, and central nervous system. BKPyV-HC presents as hematuria and urinary symptoms, graded by severity. PML, though rare after allo-HSCT, manifests as neurological deficits due to JCPyV replication in glial cells. Diagnosis relies on nucleic acid amplification testing for DNAuria or DNAemia as well as clinical criteria. Management primarily involves supportive care, as no antiviral treatments have proven consistently effective for either virus and need further research. This review highlights the virology, clinical presentations, and management challenges of PyV-associated diseases post-allo-HSCT, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches to mitigate morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/403JC virusBK viruspolyomavirushematopoietic stem cell transplantprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyhemorrhagic cystitis |
| spellingShingle | Maria Alejandra Mendoza Hannah Imlay Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Viruses JC virus BK virus polyomavirus hematopoietic stem cell transplant progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy hemorrhagic cystitis |
| title | Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
| title_full | Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
| title_fullStr | Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
| title_short | Polyomaviruses After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation |
| title_sort | polyomaviruses after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
| topic | JC virus BK virus polyomavirus hematopoietic stem cell transplant progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy hemorrhagic cystitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/3/403 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariaalejandramendoza polyomavirusesafterallogeneichematopoieticstemcelltransplantation AT hannahimlay polyomavirusesafterallogeneichematopoieticstemcelltransplantation |