The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review

<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Paratubal Leydig cell nodules are rare incidental findings that present diagnostic challenges. <b>Case Presentation</b>: A 45-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented with fever and chills foll...

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Main Authors: Pei-An Chen, Chiu-Hsuan Cheng, Dah-Ching Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/6/703
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author Pei-An Chen
Chiu-Hsuan Cheng
Dah-Ching Ding
author_facet Pei-An Chen
Chiu-Hsuan Cheng
Dah-Ching Ding
author_sort Pei-An Chen
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Paratubal Leydig cell nodules are rare incidental findings that present diagnostic challenges. <b>Case Presentation</b>: A 45-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented with fever and chills following an episode of severe dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. The patient reported heavy menstrual bleeding, persisting for 2–3 years. Physical examination revealed erythema of the perineum and whitish vaginal discharge, with no cervical lesions. Imaging revealed a 15 cm right ovarian cyst. Laboratory investigations showed elevated C-reactive protein (6.37 mg/L) and CA125 (88.82 U/mL) levels, whereas other tumor markers were within normal limits. A pelvic ultrasound revealed a retroverted uterus and a large ovarian mass suggestive of malignancy. The patient underwent a right salpingo-oophorectomy, during which a 15 cm ovarian tumor adherent to the right pelvic sidewall was excised. Histopathological examination revealed an endometriotic cyst with endometrial glandular epithelium positive for estrogen receptor and focal mucinous metaplasia. CD10-positive endometrial stromal cells and paratubal cysts were also observed. Additionally, a small Leydig cell tumor originated from the ovarian hilum was identified and confirmed by positive staining for inhibin, calretinin, and androgen receptors, as well as negative estrogen receptor staining. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and at the five-week follow-up, the patient’s hormonal levels were normal, and there were no complications. <b>Conclusions</b>: This case highlights the importance of thorough histopathological evaluation in managing ovarian masses and the potential coexistence of benign and rare pathological entities, such as Leydig cell tumors.
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spelling doaj-art-d6ab931d1be841f0ae9d5affca8af24a2025-08-20T02:42:42ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-03-0115670310.3390/diagnostics15060703The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature ReviewPei-An Chen0Chiu-Hsuan Cheng1Dah-Ching Ding2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, No. 707, Chung-Yang Road, Section 3, Hualien 970, TaiwanDepartment of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, TaiwanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, No. 707, Chung-Yang Road, Section 3, Hualien 970, Taiwan<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Paratubal Leydig cell nodules are rare incidental findings that present diagnostic challenges. <b>Case Presentation</b>: A 45-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented with fever and chills following an episode of severe dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. The patient reported heavy menstrual bleeding, persisting for 2–3 years. Physical examination revealed erythema of the perineum and whitish vaginal discharge, with no cervical lesions. Imaging revealed a 15 cm right ovarian cyst. Laboratory investigations showed elevated C-reactive protein (6.37 mg/L) and CA125 (88.82 U/mL) levels, whereas other tumor markers were within normal limits. A pelvic ultrasound revealed a retroverted uterus and a large ovarian mass suggestive of malignancy. The patient underwent a right salpingo-oophorectomy, during which a 15 cm ovarian tumor adherent to the right pelvic sidewall was excised. Histopathological examination revealed an endometriotic cyst with endometrial glandular epithelium positive for estrogen receptor and focal mucinous metaplasia. CD10-positive endometrial stromal cells and paratubal cysts were also observed. Additionally, a small Leydig cell tumor originated from the ovarian hilum was identified and confirmed by positive staining for inhibin, calretinin, and androgen receptors, as well as negative estrogen receptor staining. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and at the five-week follow-up, the patient’s hormonal levels were normal, and there were no complications. <b>Conclusions</b>: This case highlights the importance of thorough histopathological evaluation in managing ovarian masses and the potential coexistence of benign and rare pathological entities, such as Leydig cell tumors.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/6/703Leydig cell tumorsendometriosisovarian tumorsalpingo-oophorectomyinhibin
spellingShingle Pei-An Chen
Chiu-Hsuan Cheng
Dah-Ching Ding
The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review
Diagnostics
Leydig cell tumors
endometriosis
ovarian tumor
salpingo-oophorectomy
inhibin
title The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_full The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_fullStr The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_short The Coincidence of Ovarian Endometrioma with Paratubal Leydig Cell Nodules: A Case Report and Literature Review
title_sort coincidence of ovarian endometrioma with paratubal leydig cell nodules a case report and literature review
topic Leydig cell tumors
endometriosis
ovarian tumor
salpingo-oophorectomy
inhibin
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/6/703
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