Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies?
Moving from the earlier periods in which the lungs were believed to represent sterile environments, our knowledge on the lung microbiota has dramatically increased, from the first descriptions of the microbial communities inhabiting the healthy lungs and the definition of the ecological rules that r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1497173/full |
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| author | Enrico Garaci Marilena Pariano Emilia Nunzi Claudio Costantini Marina Maria Bellet Cinzia Antognelli Matteo Antonio Russo Luigina Romani Luigina Romani |
| author_facet | Enrico Garaci Marilena Pariano Emilia Nunzi Claudio Costantini Marina Maria Bellet Cinzia Antognelli Matteo Antonio Russo Luigina Romani Luigina Romani |
| author_sort | Enrico Garaci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Moving from the earlier periods in which the lungs were believed to represent sterile environments, our knowledge on the lung microbiota has dramatically increased, from the first descriptions of the microbial communities inhabiting the healthy lungs and the definition of the ecological rules that regulate its composition, to the identification of the changes that occur in pathological conditions. Despite the limitations of lung as a microbiome reservoir due to the low microbial biomass and abundance, defining its microbial composition and function in the upper and lower airways may help understanding the impact on local homeostasis and its disruption in lung diseases. In particular, the understanding of the metabolic and immune significance of microbes, their presence or lack thereof, in health and disease states could be valuable in development of novel druggable targets in disease treatments. Next-generation sequencing has identified intricate inter-microbe association networks that comprise true mutualistic or antagonistic direct or indirect relationships in the respiratory tract. In this review, the tripartite interaction of bacteria, fungi and the mammalian host is addressed to provide an integrated view of the microbial-host cross-talk in lung health and diseases from an immune and metabolic perspective. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6a69ef18b7840a898bea0bdf7088e4a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6a69ef18b7840a898bea0bdf7088e4a2025-08-20T02:12:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122024-11-011510.3389/fphar.2024.14971731497173Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies?Enrico Garaci0Marilena Pariano1Emilia Nunzi2Claudio Costantini3Marina Maria Bellet4Cinzia Antognelli5Matteo Antonio Russo6Luigina Romani7Luigina Romani8San Raffaele Research Center, Sulmona, L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyIRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, ItalySan Raffaele Research Center, Sulmona, L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyMoving from the earlier periods in which the lungs were believed to represent sterile environments, our knowledge on the lung microbiota has dramatically increased, from the first descriptions of the microbial communities inhabiting the healthy lungs and the definition of the ecological rules that regulate its composition, to the identification of the changes that occur in pathological conditions. Despite the limitations of lung as a microbiome reservoir due to the low microbial biomass and abundance, defining its microbial composition and function in the upper and lower airways may help understanding the impact on local homeostasis and its disruption in lung diseases. In particular, the understanding of the metabolic and immune significance of microbes, their presence or lack thereof, in health and disease states could be valuable in development of novel druggable targets in disease treatments. Next-generation sequencing has identified intricate inter-microbe association networks that comprise true mutualistic or antagonistic direct or indirect relationships in the respiratory tract. In this review, the tripartite interaction of bacteria, fungi and the mammalian host is addressed to provide an integrated view of the microbial-host cross-talk in lung health and diseases from an immune and metabolic perspective.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1497173/fullrespiratory bacteriomerespiratory mycobiomebacterial-fungal interactionsimmunitymetabolism |
| spellingShingle | Enrico Garaci Marilena Pariano Emilia Nunzi Claudio Costantini Marina Maria Bellet Cinzia Antognelli Matteo Antonio Russo Luigina Romani Luigina Romani Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies? Frontiers in Pharmacology respiratory bacteriome respiratory mycobiome bacterial-fungal interactions immunity metabolism |
| title | Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies? |
| title_full | Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies? |
| title_fullStr | Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies? |
| title_short | Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies? |
| title_sort | bacteria and fungi of the lung allies or enemies |
| topic | respiratory bacteriome respiratory mycobiome bacterial-fungal interactions immunity metabolism |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1497173/full |
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