Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detection
Carbon Dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with relatively strong and tunable fluorescence emission properties and relatively good photo stability, which are increasingly used in sensing and biosensing as reported in hundreds of research publications. There are 4 types of CD-based sensors or d...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425000376 |
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| author | Xeniya Terzapulo Aiym Kassenova Alissa Loskutova Rostislav Bukasov |
| author_facet | Xeniya Terzapulo Aiym Kassenova Alissa Loskutova Rostislav Bukasov |
| author_sort | Xeniya Terzapulo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon Dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with relatively strong and tunable fluorescence emission properties and relatively good photo stability, which are increasingly used in sensing and biosensing as reported in hundreds of research publications. There are 4 types of CD-based sensors or detection (CD-only, CD-based Enzymatic, CD-based Antigen-Antibody modified, CD-based Nucleic acid biosensors) that will be described and compared in this review. Such analytical parameters as Limit of Detection (LOD), linear range, Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) are compared and discussed in this review. Median and/or average LOD, RSD, Linear Range are calculated and presented in multiple tables, while LODs are tabulated from 135 references. Among these biosensors, CD-based Nucleic Acid biosensors and CD-based Antibody-Antigen biosensors show better sensitivity (lower LOD) when compared with CD-only and CD-based Enzymatic biosensors. Four main groups of detection techniques applicable, such as fluorescence, electrochemical, colorimetry, and electrochemiluminescence methods are considered and compared for CD-based Antibody-Antigen biosensors descriptions. Perspectives of machine learning methods and smart phones as read out devices for CD-based bio-sensors are outlined in the conclusion of the review. We also briefly described and illustrated with graphic examples/figures some basic phenomena related to CD-based sensing, including CD doping, up-conversion, modification and immobilization of CDs, quenching and FRET. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6a1d3e6f31749d682adcfa2ad77eaf1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2214-1804 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6a1d3e6f31749d682adcfa2ad77eaf12025-08-20T03:05:06ZengElsevierSensing and Bio-Sensing Research2214-18042025-02-014710077110.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100771Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detectionXeniya Terzapulo0Aiym Kassenova1Alissa Loskutova2Rostislav Bukasov3Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana 010000, KazakhstanDepartment of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana 010000, KazakhstanCorresponding author.; Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana 010000, KazakhstanCarbon Dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanoparticles with relatively strong and tunable fluorescence emission properties and relatively good photo stability, which are increasingly used in sensing and biosensing as reported in hundreds of research publications. There are 4 types of CD-based sensors or detection (CD-only, CD-based Enzymatic, CD-based Antigen-Antibody modified, CD-based Nucleic acid biosensors) that will be described and compared in this review. Such analytical parameters as Limit of Detection (LOD), linear range, Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) are compared and discussed in this review. Median and/or average LOD, RSD, Linear Range are calculated and presented in multiple tables, while LODs are tabulated from 135 references. Among these biosensors, CD-based Nucleic Acid biosensors and CD-based Antibody-Antigen biosensors show better sensitivity (lower LOD) when compared with CD-only and CD-based Enzymatic biosensors. Four main groups of detection techniques applicable, such as fluorescence, electrochemical, colorimetry, and electrochemiluminescence methods are considered and compared for CD-based Antibody-Antigen biosensors descriptions. Perspectives of machine learning methods and smart phones as read out devices for CD-based bio-sensors are outlined in the conclusion of the review. We also briefly described and illustrated with graphic examples/figures some basic phenomena related to CD-based sensing, including CD doping, up-conversion, modification and immobilization of CDs, quenching and FRET.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425000376Carbon dotsBio-sensingLimit of detection (LOD)FluorescenceCD-based biosensors |
| spellingShingle | Xeniya Terzapulo Aiym Kassenova Alissa Loskutova Rostislav Bukasov Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detection Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Carbon dots Bio-sensing Limit of detection (LOD) Fluorescence CD-based biosensors |
| title | Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detection |
| title_full | Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detection |
| title_fullStr | Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detection |
| title_short | Carbon dots: Review of recent applications and perspectives in bio-sensing and biomarker detection |
| title_sort | carbon dots review of recent applications and perspectives in bio sensing and biomarker detection |
| topic | Carbon dots Bio-sensing Limit of detection (LOD) Fluorescence CD-based biosensors |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214180425000376 |
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