Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profiles

This work evaluated the effects of five synthetic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia (CM1-CM5) on the fermentation, microbial, metabolic, and safety profiles of high-moisture oat silage. PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing was employed to characterise microbial communities due to its long-...

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Main Authors: Cheng Zong, Longxin Wang, Jie Zhao, Zhihao Dong, Junfeng Li, Xianjun Yuan, Chengti Xu, Tao Shao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Italian Journal of Animal Science
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Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2514711
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author Cheng Zong
Longxin Wang
Jie Zhao
Zhihao Dong
Junfeng Li
Xianjun Yuan
Chengti Xu
Tao Shao
author_facet Cheng Zong
Longxin Wang
Jie Zhao
Zhihao Dong
Junfeng Li
Xianjun Yuan
Chengti Xu
Tao Shao
author_sort Cheng Zong
collection DOAJ
description This work evaluated the effects of five synthetic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia (CM1-CM5) on the fermentation, microbial, metabolic, and safety profiles of high-moisture oat silage. PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing was employed to characterise microbial communities due to its long-read capability and high-accuracy HiFi reads. The control group showed severe clostridial fermentation, indicated by 54.2 g/kg dry matter (DM) of butyrate. In contrast, LAB consortia increased homofermentation, prevented clostridial fermentation and reduced butyrate concentration (1.58–3.91 g/kg DM), thereby improving fermentation quality, with CM2 and CM4 exhibiting superior fermentation performance. Bacterial community succession demonstrated that LAB consortia suppressed Clostridium tyrobutyricum growth at 45 d. In co-occurrence networks analysis, CM2 and CM4 reduced the complexity of the network, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici identified as keystone species . Functional prediction showed that LAB consortia upregulated glycolysis , and downregulated pentose phosphate pathway and butanoate metabolism. In microbial phenotype analysis, CM2 and CM4 reduced pathogenic risks associated with the microbial load in oat silage, as evidenced by the lower proportions of undesirable phenotypes compared to fresh oat and control. Overall, CM2 and CM4 improved fermentation quality and reduced pathogenic risks, making them ideal inoculants for ensuring the quality and safety of high-moisture oat silage.
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spelling doaj-art-d6904416b17e4e9b87e9cf170bdd549e2025-08-20T03:22:08ZengTaylor & Francis GroupItalian Journal of Animal Science1594-40771828-051X2025-12-012411353136910.1080/1828051X.2025.25147112514711Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profilesCheng Zong0Longxin Wang1Jie Zhao2Zhihao Dong3Junfeng Li4Xianjun Yuan5Chengti Xu6Tao Shao7Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityGrassland Research Institute of Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineInstitute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityThis work evaluated the effects of five synthetic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia (CM1-CM5) on the fermentation, microbial, metabolic, and safety profiles of high-moisture oat silage. PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing was employed to characterise microbial communities due to its long-read capability and high-accuracy HiFi reads. The control group showed severe clostridial fermentation, indicated by 54.2 g/kg dry matter (DM) of butyrate. In contrast, LAB consortia increased homofermentation, prevented clostridial fermentation and reduced butyrate concentration (1.58–3.91 g/kg DM), thereby improving fermentation quality, with CM2 and CM4 exhibiting superior fermentation performance. Bacterial community succession demonstrated that LAB consortia suppressed Clostridium tyrobutyricum growth at 45 d. In co-occurrence networks analysis, CM2 and CM4 reduced the complexity of the network, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici identified as keystone species . Functional prediction showed that LAB consortia upregulated glycolysis , and downregulated pentose phosphate pathway and butanoate metabolism. In microbial phenotype analysis, CM2 and CM4 reduced pathogenic risks associated with the microbial load in oat silage, as evidenced by the lower proportions of undesirable phenotypes compared to fresh oat and control. Overall, CM2 and CM4 improved fermentation quality and reduced pathogenic risks, making them ideal inoculants for ensuring the quality and safety of high-moisture oat silage.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2514711high-moisture oat silagelactic acid bacteria consortiakeystone speciesacidogenic metabolic pathwaysphenotypes
spellingShingle Cheng Zong
Longxin Wang
Jie Zhao
Zhihao Dong
Junfeng Li
Xianjun Yuan
Chengti Xu
Tao Shao
Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profiles
Italian Journal of Animal Science
high-moisture oat silage
lactic acid bacteria consortia
keystone species
acidogenic metabolic pathways
phenotypes
title Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profiles
title_full Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profiles
title_fullStr Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profiles
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profiles
title_short Evaluation of high-moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini-silos: fermentation, microbial, metabolic and safety profiles
title_sort evaluation of high moisture oat silage inoculated with synthetic lactic acid bacteria consortia in mini silos fermentation microbial metabolic and safety profiles
topic high-moisture oat silage
lactic acid bacteria consortia
keystone species
acidogenic metabolic pathways
phenotypes
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2514711
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