Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimization
This paper proposes a coupling circuit design technique for Powerline Carrier (PLC) applications in Medium-Voltage (MV) overhead networks. A case study for a PLC targeting a Single Wire Earth Return (SWER) network coupling via a 5.1-nF Coupling Capacitor (CC) exemplifies the need for this research....
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008758 |
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| author | Kristi Beqirllari Cagil Ozansoy Douglas Gomes |
| author_facet | Kristi Beqirllari Cagil Ozansoy Douglas Gomes |
| author_sort | Kristi Beqirllari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes a coupling circuit design technique for Powerline Carrier (PLC) applications in Medium-Voltage (MV) overhead networks. A case study for a PLC targeting a Single Wire Earth Return (SWER) network coupling via a 5.1-nF Coupling Capacitor (CC) exemplifies the need for this research. The proposed method relies on the construction of an s-parameter cascade for the load, source, and matching circuit for the PLC application. The s-parameter object for the load is modeled using the load's access impedance, which consists of the capacitance of an 11-m coaxial cable, a 5.1-nF rated CC with a drain coil of 0.223 mH, and the 480 Ω characteristic impedance of the line. The source s-parameter object is dependent on the source impedance, as well as the magnetizing reactance of the source transformer. Finally, an LC ladder circuit is used for the s-parameter characterization of the matching circuit. The proposed optimization method shows excellent virtue in converging to the global optimum, independent of the starting values of a five-element prototype network. The proposed method has been applied to different cost functions and different levels of target mean error. Laboratory and field tests validate the proposed method's effectiveness in enhancing signal transmission over SWER networks. The optimized coupling circuit achieved a 2.21 dB increase in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), equating to a 67.8% improvement in signal power. Additionally, the circuit effectively attenuated high-frequency noise, including AM radio interference, significantly improving the reliability of PLC communication in MV networks. This technique can be easily and time efficiently applied in various applications and for testing different coupler configurations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d688251ddf814fdf892e1f556701d498 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-d688251ddf814fdf892e1f556701d4982025-08-20T02:12:06ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-06-012610479810.1016/j.rineng.2025.104798Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimizationKristi Beqirllari0Cagil Ozansoy1Douglas Gomes2Corresponding author.; College of Sports, Health, and Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, AustraliaCollege of Sports, Health, and Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, AustraliaCollege of Sports, Health, and Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, AustraliaThis paper proposes a coupling circuit design technique for Powerline Carrier (PLC) applications in Medium-Voltage (MV) overhead networks. A case study for a PLC targeting a Single Wire Earth Return (SWER) network coupling via a 5.1-nF Coupling Capacitor (CC) exemplifies the need for this research. The proposed method relies on the construction of an s-parameter cascade for the load, source, and matching circuit for the PLC application. The s-parameter object for the load is modeled using the load's access impedance, which consists of the capacitance of an 11-m coaxial cable, a 5.1-nF rated CC with a drain coil of 0.223 mH, and the 480 Ω characteristic impedance of the line. The source s-parameter object is dependent on the source impedance, as well as the magnetizing reactance of the source transformer. Finally, an LC ladder circuit is used for the s-parameter characterization of the matching circuit. The proposed optimization method shows excellent virtue in converging to the global optimum, independent of the starting values of a five-element prototype network. The proposed method has been applied to different cost functions and different levels of target mean error. Laboratory and field tests validate the proposed method's effectiveness in enhancing signal transmission over SWER networks. The optimized coupling circuit achieved a 2.21 dB increase in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), equating to a 67.8% improvement in signal power. Additionally, the circuit effectively attenuated high-frequency noise, including AM radio interference, significantly improving the reliability of PLC communication in MV networks. This technique can be easily and time efficiently applied in various applications and for testing different coupler configurations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008758Powerline carrierCoupling circuitSingle-wire Earth returnS-parameterCascade |
| spellingShingle | Kristi Beqirllari Cagil Ozansoy Douglas Gomes Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimization Results in Engineering Powerline carrier Coupling circuit Single-wire Earth return S-parameter Cascade |
| title | Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimization |
| title_full | Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimization |
| title_fullStr | Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimization |
| title_short | Coupling circuit design for Single-Wire Earth Return PLC applications through cascaded s-parameters optimization |
| title_sort | coupling circuit design for single wire earth return plc applications through cascaded s parameters optimization |
| topic | Powerline carrier Coupling circuit Single-wire Earth return S-parameter Cascade |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025008758 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kristibeqirllari couplingcircuitdesignforsinglewireearthreturnplcapplicationsthroughcascadedsparametersoptimization AT cagilozansoy couplingcircuitdesignforsinglewireearthreturnplcapplicationsthroughcascadedsparametersoptimization AT douglasgomes couplingcircuitdesignforsinglewireearthreturnplcapplicationsthroughcascadedsparametersoptimization |