Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolates

Introduction: Although fluoroquinolones are used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced infections, acquisition of antibiotic resistance by bacteria has impaired their clinical relevance. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of norA, norB, and norC efflux pump genes-media...

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Main Authors: Asmaa B Hamady, Noha M Abd El-Fadeal, Samar Imbaby, Hassnaa MA Nassar, Mohamed Gamal Sakr, Yara E Marei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2024-03-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18877
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author Asmaa B Hamady
Noha M Abd El-Fadeal
Samar Imbaby
Hassnaa MA Nassar
Mohamed Gamal Sakr
Yara E Marei
author_facet Asmaa B Hamady
Noha M Abd El-Fadeal
Samar Imbaby
Hassnaa MA Nassar
Mohamed Gamal Sakr
Yara E Marei
author_sort Asmaa B Hamady
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Although fluoroquinolones are used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced infections, acquisition of antibiotic resistance by bacteria has impaired their clinical relevance. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of norA, norB, and norC efflux pump genes-mediating fluoroquinolones resistance and measure their expression levels in MRSA isolates. Methodology: 126 S. aureus isolates were collected from different clinical samples of adult hospitalized patients and identified by conventional microbiological methods. MRSA was diagnosed by cefoxitin disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin by broth microdilution method. The expression levels of efflux pump genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: 80 (63.5%) MRSA isolates were identified and showed high level of resistance to erythromycin (80%), gentamicin (75%), clindamycin (65%) and ciprofloxacin (60 %). norA, norB and norC were detected in 75%, 35% and 55% of the MRSA isolates respectively. norC was the most commonly overexpressed gene measured by qRT-PCR, occurring in 40% of MRSA isolates, followed by norA (35%) and norB (30%). The expression of these genes was significantly higher in ciprofloxacin-resistant than quantitative real-time PCR ciprofloxacin-sensitive MRSA isolates. Conclusions: This study showed high prevalence and overexpression of efflux pump genes among MRSA isolates which indicates the significant role of these genes in the development of multidrug resistance against antibiotics including fluoroquinolones.
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spelling doaj-art-d67f4581a8d24182bb898a7f7c5289832025-08-20T02:57:17ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-03-01180310.3855/jidc.18877Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolatesAsmaa B Hamady0Noha M Abd El-Fadeal1Samar Imbaby2Hassnaa MA Nassar3Mohamed Gamal Sakr4Yara E Marei5Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, EgyptMedical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, EgyptClinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, EgyptClinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, EgyptTropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, EgyptMedical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt Introduction: Although fluoroquinolones are used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced infections, acquisition of antibiotic resistance by bacteria has impaired their clinical relevance. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of norA, norB, and norC efflux pump genes-mediating fluoroquinolones resistance and measure their expression levels in MRSA isolates. Methodology: 126 S. aureus isolates were collected from different clinical samples of adult hospitalized patients and identified by conventional microbiological methods. MRSA was diagnosed by cefoxitin disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin by broth microdilution method. The expression levels of efflux pump genes were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: 80 (63.5%) MRSA isolates were identified and showed high level of resistance to erythromycin (80%), gentamicin (75%), clindamycin (65%) and ciprofloxacin (60 %). norA, norB and norC were detected in 75%, 35% and 55% of the MRSA isolates respectively. norC was the most commonly overexpressed gene measured by qRT-PCR, occurring in 40% of MRSA isolates, followed by norA (35%) and norB (30%). The expression of these genes was significantly higher in ciprofloxacin-resistant than quantitative real-time PCR ciprofloxacin-sensitive MRSA isolates. Conclusions: This study showed high prevalence and overexpression of efflux pump genes among MRSA isolates which indicates the significant role of these genes in the development of multidrug resistance against antibiotics including fluoroquinolones. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18877efflux pump genesfluoroquinolonesMRSAnorAnorBnorC
spellingShingle Asmaa B Hamady
Noha M Abd El-Fadeal
Samar Imbaby
Hassnaa MA Nassar
Mohamed Gamal Sakr
Yara E Marei
Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolates
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
efflux pump genes
fluoroquinolones
MRSA
norA
norB
norC
title Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolates
title_full Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolates
title_fullStr Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolates
title_full_unstemmed Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolates
title_short Expression of norA, norB and norC efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in MRSA isolates
title_sort expression of nora norb and norc efflux pump genes mediating fluoroquinolones resistance in mrsa isolates
topic efflux pump genes
fluoroquinolones
MRSA
norA
norB
norC
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18877
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