The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between atrial pacing percentage, frequency of premature atrial beats, and mode-switch episodes and the occurrence of atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker (DDDR) impla...

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Main Authors: Barış Yaylak, Fuat Polat, Cuma Süleymanoğlu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Galenos Yayinevi 2025-03-01
Series:Kardiyovasküler Tıp E Dergisi/E Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.jucvm.com/articles/the-dynamic-relationship-among-atrial-pacing-premature-atrial-beats-mode-switching-and-atrial-high-rate-episodes-in-patients-with-sick-sinus-syndrome/doi/jucvm.galenos.2025.2024-7-62
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author Barış Yaylak
Fuat Polat
Cuma Süleymanoğlu
author_facet Barış Yaylak
Fuat Polat
Cuma Süleymanoğlu
author_sort Barış Yaylak
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between atrial pacing percentage, frequency of premature atrial beats, and mode-switch episodes and the occurrence of atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker (DDDR) implantation. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-center, observational study included 60 patients with SSS and Medtronic DDDR pacemakers. Patients with pre-existing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, heart failure, chronic renal failure, or insufficient follow-up data were excluded. Key parameters, such as atrial pacing percentage, premature atrial beats, mode-switch episodes, and AHREs, were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months and at 1 and 2 years after implantation. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.5 years, with 53.3% of them being male. During the first 3 months, atrial pacing percentage showed an inverse correlation with AHREs (83.7±19.8% at 1 month and 85.2±19.9% at 3 months; p=0.026 and p=0.046, respectively). mode-switch episodes and premature atrial beats were significantly associated with AHREs within the first 6 months (mode-switch episodes: 11.2±4.3 at 1 month, 11.4±3.2 at 3 months, and 6.7±3.1 at 6 months; p=0.015, p=0.033, p=0.041; premature atrial beats: 6.8±2.3% at 1 month, 7.1±2.1% at 3 months, and 7.2±1.9% at 6 months; p=0.015, p=0.022, p=0.031). AHRE prevalence increased progressively from 9.7±2.3% at 1 month to 18.1±4.1% at 3 months and 23.3±5.9% at 6 months. However, these associations diminished after 6 months, persisting less significantly at 1 and 2 years. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined a 94.5% atrial pacing percentage cut-off at 1 month, with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 82% [area under the curve (AUC): 0.806, p<0.001], and a 94% cut-off at 3 months, with sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 90%, respectively (AUC: 0.801, p<0.001). For mode-switch episodes, a 1.5 cut-off value at both 1 and 3 months yielded sensitivities of 73% and 74% and specificities of 99% and 98%, respectively (AUC: 0.890 and 0.895, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study highlights a time-dependent relationship between pacing parameters and AHREs in patients with SSS. The early post-implantation periods showed significant correlations, which diminished over time. These findings underscore the importance of regular monitoring for optimal management of SSS patients with DDDR pacemakers.
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series Kardiyovasküler Tıp E Dergisi/E Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine
spelling doaj-art-d67f05d06cee4e13917b1e79449b11502025-08-20T03:43:43ZengGalenos YayineviKardiyovasküler Tıp E Dergisi/E Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine2147-19242025-03-01131334010.32596/jucvm.galenos.2025.2024-7-62The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus SyndromeBarış Yaylak0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-4039Fuat Polat1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-3743Cuma Süleymanoğlu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0108-2824University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Cardiology, İstanbul, TürkiyeUniversity of Health Sciences Türkiye, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Cardiology, İstanbul, TürkiyeOsmaniye State Hospital, Clinic of Cardiology, Osmaniye, TürkiyeObjectives: This study aimed to explore the association between atrial pacing percentage, frequency of premature atrial beats, and mode-switch episodes and the occurrence of atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) who underwent dual-chamber pacemaker (DDDR) implantation. Materials and Methods: This prospective, single-center, observational study included 60 patients with SSS and Medtronic DDDR pacemakers. Patients with pre-existing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, heart failure, chronic renal failure, or insufficient follow-up data were excluded. Key parameters, such as atrial pacing percentage, premature atrial beats, mode-switch episodes, and AHREs, were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months and at 1 and 2 years after implantation. Results: The mean age of the participants was 65.5 years, with 53.3% of them being male. During the first 3 months, atrial pacing percentage showed an inverse correlation with AHREs (83.7±19.8% at 1 month and 85.2±19.9% at 3 months; p=0.026 and p=0.046, respectively). mode-switch episodes and premature atrial beats were significantly associated with AHREs within the first 6 months (mode-switch episodes: 11.2±4.3 at 1 month, 11.4±3.2 at 3 months, and 6.7±3.1 at 6 months; p=0.015, p=0.033, p=0.041; premature atrial beats: 6.8±2.3% at 1 month, 7.1±2.1% at 3 months, and 7.2±1.9% at 6 months; p=0.015, p=0.022, p=0.031). AHRE prevalence increased progressively from 9.7±2.3% at 1 month to 18.1±4.1% at 3 months and 23.3±5.9% at 6 months. However, these associations diminished after 6 months, persisting less significantly at 1 and 2 years. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined a 94.5% atrial pacing percentage cut-off at 1 month, with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 82% [area under the curve (AUC): 0.806, p<0.001], and a 94% cut-off at 3 months, with sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 90%, respectively (AUC: 0.801, p<0.001). For mode-switch episodes, a 1.5 cut-off value at both 1 and 3 months yielded sensitivities of 73% and 74% and specificities of 99% and 98%, respectively (AUC: 0.890 and 0.895, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study highlights a time-dependent relationship between pacing parameters and AHREs in patients with SSS. The early post-implantation periods showed significant correlations, which diminished over time. These findings underscore the importance of regular monitoring for optimal management of SSS patients with DDDR pacemakers.https://www.jucvm.com/articles/the-dynamic-relationship-among-atrial-pacing-premature-atrial-beats-mode-switching-and-atrial-high-rate-episodes-in-patients-with-sick-sinus-syndrome/doi/jucvm.galenos.2025.2024-7-62atrial high-rate episodessick sinus syndromeatrial pacingatrial premature beatmode switch episodes
spellingShingle Barış Yaylak
Fuat Polat
Cuma Süleymanoğlu
The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome
Kardiyovasküler Tıp E Dergisi/E Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine
atrial high-rate episodes
sick sinus syndrome
atrial pacing
atrial premature beat
mode switch episodes
title The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome
title_full The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome
title_fullStr The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome
title_short The Dynamic Relationship Among Atrial Pacing, Premature Atrial Beats, Mode Switching, and Atrial High-Rate Episodes in Patients with Sick Sinus Syndrome
title_sort dynamic relationship among atrial pacing premature atrial beats mode switching and atrial high rate episodes in patients with sick sinus syndrome
topic atrial high-rate episodes
sick sinus syndrome
atrial pacing
atrial premature beat
mode switch episodes
url https://www.jucvm.com/articles/the-dynamic-relationship-among-atrial-pacing-premature-atrial-beats-mode-switching-and-atrial-high-rate-episodes-in-patients-with-sick-sinus-syndrome/doi/jucvm.galenos.2025.2024-7-62
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