Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries

The paper examines the effects of extreme weather events—specifically floods, extreme temperatures, bushfires, and droughts—on per capita energy consumption across 141 countries from 1990 to 2023. While existing research often aggregates various natural disasters or focuses on localized contexts, th...

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Main Authors: Chun Kai Leung, Jeremy Ko, Chunlan Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Innovation and Green Development
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949753125000529
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author Chun Kai Leung
Jeremy Ko
Chunlan Guo
author_facet Chun Kai Leung
Jeremy Ko
Chunlan Guo
author_sort Chun Kai Leung
collection DOAJ
description The paper examines the effects of extreme weather events—specifically floods, extreme temperatures, bushfires, and droughts—on per capita energy consumption across 141 countries from 1990 to 2023. While existing research often aggregates various natural disasters or focuses on localized contexts, this study offers a comprehensive global perspective, analyzing how distinct types of extreme weather impact energy consumption patterns. Employing a fixed-effects panel regression model, the findings reveal that floods correlate with increased energy consumption, particularly in developing countries, whereas droughts are associated with decreased energy use. In contrast, extreme temperatures and bushfires do not exhibit a statistically significant impact on energy consumption. Robustness checks using alternative models, such as the Tobit model and two-stage least squares regression, confirm the reliability of these results. The analysis suggests that floods escalate energy demand due to the extensive recovery and mitigation efforts required, while droughts diminish consumption through their detrimental effects on agriculture, industry, and hydropower production. These findings hold significant implications for energy policy and climate resilience, underscoring the necessity to enhance the adaptability of energy systems, improve energy efficiency, and extend support to developing nations facing climatic stressors. This study contributes to the understanding of how extreme weather events shape energy dynamics, providing insights for the formulation of targeted policies aimed at ensuring sustainable development in the face of climate challenges.
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spelling doaj-art-d67ea94a44f74213b345440f3a70bc5b2025-08-20T03:20:08ZengElsevierInnovation and Green Development2949-75312025-06-014310025510.1016/j.igd.2025.100255Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countriesChun Kai Leung0Jeremy Ko1Chunlan Guo2Global Society and Sustainability Lab, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Co-corresponding author. Room 221, May Hall, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Corresponding author. Haldeneggsteig 4, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.Department of Geography and Resource Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Corresponding author.The paper examines the effects of extreme weather events—specifically floods, extreme temperatures, bushfires, and droughts—on per capita energy consumption across 141 countries from 1990 to 2023. While existing research often aggregates various natural disasters or focuses on localized contexts, this study offers a comprehensive global perspective, analyzing how distinct types of extreme weather impact energy consumption patterns. Employing a fixed-effects panel regression model, the findings reveal that floods correlate with increased energy consumption, particularly in developing countries, whereas droughts are associated with decreased energy use. In contrast, extreme temperatures and bushfires do not exhibit a statistically significant impact on energy consumption. Robustness checks using alternative models, such as the Tobit model and two-stage least squares regression, confirm the reliability of these results. The analysis suggests that floods escalate energy demand due to the extensive recovery and mitigation efforts required, while droughts diminish consumption through their detrimental effects on agriculture, industry, and hydropower production. These findings hold significant implications for energy policy and climate resilience, underscoring the necessity to enhance the adaptability of energy systems, improve energy efficiency, and extend support to developing nations facing climatic stressors. This study contributes to the understanding of how extreme weather events shape energy dynamics, providing insights for the formulation of targeted policies aimed at ensuring sustainable development in the face of climate challenges.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949753125000529
spellingShingle Chun Kai Leung
Jeremy Ko
Chunlan Guo
Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries
Innovation and Green Development
title Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries
title_full Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries
title_fullStr Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries
title_full_unstemmed Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries
title_short Weathering the storm: Analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries
title_sort weathering the storm analyzing the impact of extreme climate events on energy consumption across 141 countries
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949753125000529
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AT jeremyko weatheringthestormanalyzingtheimpactofextremeclimateeventsonenergyconsumptionacross141countries
AT chunlanguo weatheringthestormanalyzingtheimpactofextremeclimateeventsonenergyconsumptionacross141countries