Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis

Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a significant challenge due to its multifactorial nature and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessments and neuroimaging, which often lack the specificity and sensitivity required for early detection. The urgent need fo...

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Main Authors: Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin, Fábio de Lima, Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes, Rosa Fireman Dutra, Geanne Matos de Andrade, Reinaldo B. Oriá
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Chemosensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/6/220
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author Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin
Fábio de Lima
Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes
Rosa Fireman Dutra
Geanne Matos de Andrade
Reinaldo B. Oriá
author_facet Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin
Fábio de Lima
Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes
Rosa Fireman Dutra
Geanne Matos de Andrade
Reinaldo B. Oriá
author_sort Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin
collection DOAJ
description Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a significant challenge due to its multifactorial nature and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessments and neuroimaging, which often lack the specificity and sensitivity required for early detection. The urgent need for innovative diagnostic tools is further underscored by the potential of early intervention to improve treatment outcomes and slow disease progression. Recent advancements in biosensing technologies offer promising solutions for precise and non-invasive AD detection. Electrochemical and optical biosensors, in particular, provide high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time detection capabilities, making them valuable for identifying key biomarkers, including amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and tau proteins. Additionally, integrating these biosensors with nanomaterials enhances their performance, stability, and detection limits, enabling improved diagnostic accuracy. Beyond nanomaterial-based sensors, emerging innovations in microfluidics, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and artificial intelligence-assisted biosensing further contribute to the development of next-generation AD diagnostics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in biosensing technologies for AD, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and future perspectives in detecting biomarkers from biological fluids.
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spelling doaj-art-d6792c4e90ae494782e6709f7a4f2b8a2025-08-20T03:27:18ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402025-06-0113622010.3390/chemosensors13060220Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease DiagnosisStephen Rathinaraj Benjamin0Fábio de Lima1Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes2Rosa Fireman Dutra3Geanne Matos de Andrade4Reinaldo B. Oriá5Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-270, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Medical Sciences (PPGCM), School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-140, BrazilBiomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50670-90, BrazilNeuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60430-270, BrazilLaboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60430-270, BrazilDiagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a significant challenge due to its multifactorial nature and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessments and neuroimaging, which often lack the specificity and sensitivity required for early detection. The urgent need for innovative diagnostic tools is further underscored by the potential of early intervention to improve treatment outcomes and slow disease progression. Recent advancements in biosensing technologies offer promising solutions for precise and non-invasive AD detection. Electrochemical and optical biosensors, in particular, provide high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time detection capabilities, making them valuable for identifying key biomarkers, including amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and tau proteins. Additionally, integrating these biosensors with nanomaterials enhances their performance, stability, and detection limits, enabling improved diagnostic accuracy. Beyond nanomaterial-based sensors, emerging innovations in microfluidics, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and artificial intelligence-assisted biosensing further contribute to the development of next-generation AD diagnostics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in biosensing technologies for AD, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and future perspectives in detecting biomarkers from biological fluids.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/6/220Alzheimer’s disease diagnosisbiosensors for neurodegenerative diseaseselectrochemical biosensorsoptical biosensorsnanomaterials in biosensingamyloid-beta (Aβ) detection
spellingShingle Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin
Fábio de Lima
Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes
Rosa Fireman Dutra
Geanne Matos de Andrade
Reinaldo B. Oriá
Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
Chemosensors
Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis
biosensors for neurodegenerative diseases
electrochemical biosensors
optical biosensors
nanomaterials in biosensing
amyloid-beta (Aβ) detection
title Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
title_full Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
title_fullStr Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
title_short Advanced Biosensing Technologies: Leading Innovations in Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
title_sort advanced biosensing technologies leading innovations in alzheimer s disease diagnosis
topic Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis
biosensors for neurodegenerative diseases
electrochemical biosensors
optical biosensors
nanomaterials in biosensing
amyloid-beta (Aβ) detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/6/220
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