Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy

Context: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, metabolic, noncommunicable disease that has attained epidemic proportions. At present, there is emerging evidence to suggest that retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT)...

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Main Authors: Nimisha Kaushal, Neha C. Guliani, Brahm P. Guliani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2024-01-01
Series:Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/DLJO.DLJO_183_23
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author Nimisha Kaushal
Neha C. Guliani
Brahm P. Guliani
author_facet Nimisha Kaushal
Neha C. Guliani
Brahm P. Guliani
author_sort Nimisha Kaushal
collection DOAJ
description Context: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, metabolic, noncommunicable disease that has attained epidemic proportions. At present, there is emerging evidence to suggest that retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive technique to detect the earliest retinal changes before DR could be diagnosed on fundus examination. Aims: The purpose of the study was to measure retinal ganglion cell inner-plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in diabetic patients with no DR or with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR) on fundus examination. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital in North India over a period of 18 months. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-six subjects with diabetes were analyzed to study the occurrence of retinal neurodegeneration by measuring GC-IPL thickness on spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT) examination and for comparison, GC-IPL thickness value of normal healthy nondiabetic subjects was taken (normal value taken 82.78 ± 7.01 μm). Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical variables were presented in number and percentage (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, median, and interquartile range. The normality of data was checked by applying the Shapiro–Wilk test and Chi-square test to check the association between two categorical variables. Results: There was no significant association of gender with the thickness of GC-IPL. The mean age, mean duration of diabetes, and mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were found to be significantly lower in diabetics with normal thickness GC-IPL as compared to those having thinner GC-IPL thickness. The mean value of average GC-IPL thickness among normal and mild NPDR fundus examinations was 86.24 μm and 75.43 μm, respectively (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Early detection of DR by SD-OCT can be a therapeutic window for neuroprotective treatments to reduce the damage to the retina in DR. Age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c levels have a negative association with GC-IPL thickness in diabetics.
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spelling doaj-art-d65df3a5e7ec4870ae116a85e615d3862025-08-20T01:48:54ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsDelhi Journal of Ophthalmology0972-02002454-27842024-01-01341273110.4103/DLJO.DLJO_183_23Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without RetinopathyNimisha KaushalNeha C. GulianiBrahm P. GulianiContext: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, metabolic, noncommunicable disease that has attained epidemic proportions. At present, there is emerging evidence to suggest that retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive technique to detect the earliest retinal changes before DR could be diagnosed on fundus examination. Aims: The purpose of the study was to measure retinal ganglion cell inner-plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in diabetic patients with no DR or with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR) on fundus examination. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital in North India over a period of 18 months. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-six subjects with diabetes were analyzed to study the occurrence of retinal neurodegeneration by measuring GC-IPL thickness on spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT) examination and for comparison, GC-IPL thickness value of normal healthy nondiabetic subjects was taken (normal value taken 82.78 ± 7.01 μm). Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical variables were presented in number and percentage (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, median, and interquartile range. The normality of data was checked by applying the Shapiro–Wilk test and Chi-square test to check the association between two categorical variables. Results: There was no significant association of gender with the thickness of GC-IPL. The mean age, mean duration of diabetes, and mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were found to be significantly lower in diabetics with normal thickness GC-IPL as compared to those having thinner GC-IPL thickness. The mean value of average GC-IPL thickness among normal and mild NPDR fundus examinations was 86.24 μm and 75.43 μm, respectively (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Early detection of DR by SD-OCT can be a therapeutic window for neuroprotective treatments to reduce the damage to the retina in DR. Age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c levels have a negative association with GC-IPL thickness in diabetics.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/DLJO.DLJO_183_23diabetic retinopathyganglion cell-inner plexiform layeroptical coherence tomography
spellingShingle Nimisha Kaushal
Neha C. Guliani
Brahm P. Guliani
Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy
Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology
diabetic retinopathy
ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer
optical coherence tomography
title Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy
title_full Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy
title_fullStr Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy
title_full_unstemmed Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy
title_short Profile of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Diabetics With and Without Retinopathy
title_sort profile of macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness in diabetics with and without retinopathy
topic diabetic retinopathy
ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer
optical coherence tomography
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/DLJO.DLJO_183_23
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AT nehacguliani profileofmacularganglioncellinnerplexiformlayerthicknessindiabeticswithandwithoutretinopathy
AT brahmpguliani profileofmacularganglioncellinnerplexiformlayerthicknessindiabeticswithandwithoutretinopathy