Optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment

The surface formation and porosity of underwater laser welding seams largely determine the strength of the welds. To investigate the effects of various parameters on the melt width, melt depth, and porosity of the welds, and to explore the influence of the most significant parameters on the mechanic...

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Main Authors: Xingshuai LI, Qinghua ZHANG, Yongqing ZHAO, Yingjie CHEN, Qingjie SUN, Yibo LIU, Yifeng TIAN
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: Editorial Office of Transactions of the China Welding Institution, Welding Journals Publishing House 2025-05-01
Series:Hanjie xuebao
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.12073/j.hjxb.20240131001
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author Xingshuai LI
Qinghua ZHANG
Yongqing ZHAO
Yingjie CHEN
Qingjie SUN
Yibo LIU
Yifeng TIAN
author_facet Xingshuai LI
Qinghua ZHANG
Yongqing ZHAO
Yingjie CHEN
Qingjie SUN
Yibo LIU
Yifeng TIAN
author_sort Xingshuai LI
collection DOAJ
description The surface formation and porosity of underwater laser welding seams largely determine the strength of the welds. To investigate the effects of various parameters on the melt width, melt depth, and porosity of the welds, and to explore the influence of the most significant parameters on the mechanical properties of the joints, an underwater welding platform was independently built to conduct underwater partial dry laser welding on 304 stainless steel. Through orthogonal experiments, it was found that the parameters with the greatest influence on the melt width and melt depth are welding speed and laser power, respectively, while the parameters with the greatest influence on porosity are welding speed and water depth. It was also found that boric acid concentration has no significant effect on the melt width, melt depth, and porosity of the welds. Based on these findings, the influence of laser power and welding speed on the mechanical properties of the joints was further explored. The results indicate that when the laser power is high, it is easy to create depressions that lead to stress concentration and deteriorate the joint performance. When the welding speed is low, the keyhole becomes unstable, easily leading to porosity and other defects that degrade the joint performance. Under the experimental conditions, a satisfactory welded joint was obtained with the optimal combination of process parameters being: welding speed of 0.9 m/min, laser power of 2.8 ~ 3.0 kW, shielding gas flow rate of 25 L/min, and water depth of 20 mm.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0253-360X
language zho
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Editorial Office of Transactions of the China Welding Institution, Welding Journals Publishing House
record_format Article
series Hanjie xuebao
spelling doaj-art-d6576900fdfe4b86b5e9b423192e88cc2025-08-20T03:28:14ZzhoEditorial Office of Transactions of the China Welding Institution, Welding Journals Publishing HouseHanjie xuebao0253-360X2025-05-01465424910.12073/j.hjxb.20240131001hjxb-46-5-lixingshuaiOptimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experimentXingshuai LI0Qinghua ZHANG1Yongqing ZHAO2Yingjie CHEN3Qingjie SUN4Yibo LIU5Yifeng TIAN6China Guangdong Nuclear Power Operation Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, ChinaChina Guangdong Nuclear Power Operation Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, ChinaChina Guangdong Nuclear Power Operation Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, ChinaThe surface formation and porosity of underwater laser welding seams largely determine the strength of the welds. To investigate the effects of various parameters on the melt width, melt depth, and porosity of the welds, and to explore the influence of the most significant parameters on the mechanical properties of the joints, an underwater welding platform was independently built to conduct underwater partial dry laser welding on 304 stainless steel. Through orthogonal experiments, it was found that the parameters with the greatest influence on the melt width and melt depth are welding speed and laser power, respectively, while the parameters with the greatest influence on porosity are welding speed and water depth. It was also found that boric acid concentration has no significant effect on the melt width, melt depth, and porosity of the welds. Based on these findings, the influence of laser power and welding speed on the mechanical properties of the joints was further explored. The results indicate that when the laser power is high, it is easy to create depressions that lead to stress concentration and deteriorate the joint performance. When the welding speed is low, the keyhole becomes unstable, easily leading to porosity and other defects that degrade the joint performance. Under the experimental conditions, a satisfactory welded joint was obtained with the optimal combination of process parameters being: welding speed of 0.9 m/min, laser power of 2.8 ~ 3.0 kW, shielding gas flow rate of 25 L/min, and water depth of 20 mm.https://doi.org/10.12073/j.hjxb.20240131001laser weldingpartial dry methodorthogonal experimentmechanical properties
spellingShingle Xingshuai LI
Qinghua ZHANG
Yongqing ZHAO
Yingjie CHEN
Qingjie SUN
Yibo LIU
Yifeng TIAN
Optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment
Hanjie xuebao
laser welding
partial dry method
orthogonal experiment
mechanical properties
title Optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment
title_full Optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment
title_fullStr Optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment
title_short Optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment
title_sort optimization of local dry underwater laser welding process for stainless steel based on orthogonal experiment
topic laser welding
partial dry method
orthogonal experiment
mechanical properties
url https://doi.org/10.12073/j.hjxb.20240131001
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AT yongqingzhao optimizationoflocaldryunderwaterlaserweldingprocessforstainlesssteelbasedonorthogonalexperiment
AT yingjiechen optimizationoflocaldryunderwaterlaserweldingprocessforstainlesssteelbasedonorthogonalexperiment
AT qingjiesun optimizationoflocaldryunderwaterlaserweldingprocessforstainlesssteelbasedonorthogonalexperiment
AT yiboliu optimizationoflocaldryunderwaterlaserweldingprocessforstainlesssteelbasedonorthogonalexperiment
AT yifengtian optimizationoflocaldryunderwaterlaserweldingprocessforstainlesssteelbasedonorthogonalexperiment