Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implications

Precocious puberty (PP) is the second most common pediatric endocrine disorder globally and poses a growing public health concern, particularly among girls. While the exact biological mechanisms underlying PP remain unclear, unhealthy dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of a high-fat diet...

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Main Authors: Nan Wu, Ke Ning, Yanan Liu, Qinghua Wang, Ning Li, Lei Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1564902/full
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author Nan Wu
Ke Ning
Yanan Liu
Qinghua Wang
Ning Li
Lei Zhang
author_facet Nan Wu
Ke Ning
Yanan Liu
Qinghua Wang
Ning Li
Lei Zhang
author_sort Nan Wu
collection DOAJ
description Precocious puberty (PP) is the second most common pediatric endocrine disorder globally and poses a growing public health concern, particularly among girls. While the exact biological mechanisms underlying PP remain unclear, unhealthy dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD), are recognized as significant modifiable risk factors. The gut microbiota (GM) is an environmental factor that is disrupted by HFD and may modulate the onset and progression of PP. This review explored the intricate relationship between HFD, GM, and PP, and elucidated the potential mechanisms by which HFD may promote PP development by summarizing evidence from preclinical to clinical research, focusing on the role of GM and its derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, lipopolysaccharides, and neurotransmitters. Mechanistic exploration provides novel insights for developing microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies, such as dietary and lifestyle interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine, paving the way for promising approaches to prevent and manage PP.
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spelling doaj-art-d64440c794834b33adff089c60c130362025-08-20T02:01:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-06-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15649021564902Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implicationsNan Wu0Ke Ning1Yanan Liu2Qinghua Wang3Ning Li4Lei Zhang5Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaMicrobiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaJinan Institute of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children’s Hospital), Jinan, ChinaSchool of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, ChinaJinan Institute of Child Health Care, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children’s Hospital), Jinan, ChinaMicrobiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaPrecocious puberty (PP) is the second most common pediatric endocrine disorder globally and poses a growing public health concern, particularly among girls. While the exact biological mechanisms underlying PP remain unclear, unhealthy dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD), are recognized as significant modifiable risk factors. The gut microbiota (GM) is an environmental factor that is disrupted by HFD and may modulate the onset and progression of PP. This review explored the intricate relationship between HFD, GM, and PP, and elucidated the potential mechanisms by which HFD may promote PP development by summarizing evidence from preclinical to clinical research, focusing on the role of GM and its derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, lipopolysaccharides, and neurotransmitters. Mechanistic exploration provides novel insights for developing microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies, such as dietary and lifestyle interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine, paving the way for promising approaches to prevent and manage PP.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1564902/fullhigh-fat dietgut microbiotaprecocious pubertyprobioticsgut metabolites
spellingShingle Nan Wu
Ke Ning
Yanan Liu
Qinghua Wang
Ning Li
Lei Zhang
Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implications
Frontiers in Microbiology
high-fat diet
gut microbiota
precocious puberty
probiotics
gut metabolites
title Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implications
title_full Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implications
title_fullStr Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implications
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implications
title_short Relationship between high-fat diet, gut microbiota, and precocious puberty: mechanisms and implications
title_sort relationship between high fat diet gut microbiota and precocious puberty mechanisms and implications
topic high-fat diet
gut microbiota
precocious puberty
probiotics
gut metabolites
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1564902/full
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