Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in Zebrafish

<b>Background</b>: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of a dietary regimen of banaba leaf extract (BNB), policosanol (PCO, Raydel<sup>®</sup>), and their combination (BNB+PCO), to mitigate high cholesterol (HC) and high galactose (HG) diet-induced dyslipide...

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Main Authors: Kyung-Hyun Cho, Sang Hyuk Lee, Yunki Lee, Ashutosh Bahuguna, Ji-Eun Kim, Krismala Djayanti, Cheolmin Jeon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/6/860
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author Kyung-Hyun Cho
Sang Hyuk Lee
Yunki Lee
Ashutosh Bahuguna
Ji-Eun Kim
Krismala Djayanti
Cheolmin Jeon
author_facet Kyung-Hyun Cho
Sang Hyuk Lee
Yunki Lee
Ashutosh Bahuguna
Ji-Eun Kim
Krismala Djayanti
Cheolmin Jeon
author_sort Kyung-Hyun Cho
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of a dietary regimen of banaba leaf extract (BNB), policosanol (PCO, Raydel<sup>®</sup>), and their combination (BNB+PCO), to mitigate high cholesterol (HC) and high galactose (HG) diet-induced dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, senescence, and organ damage in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). <b>Methodology</b>: Zebrafish (<i>n</i> = 28/group) were fed with HC (4% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)+HG (30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) or HC+HG supplemented either with BNB (0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) or PCO (0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) or BNB+PCO (0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> each). Following 6 weeks of dietary intervention, biochemical and histopathological examinations across the groups were performed. <b>Results</b>: Post 6 weeks of consumption, the BNB+PCO group exhibited a significant 40% decrease in body weight (BW) relative to the BW of the HC+HG group, while the BNB or PCO groups displayed nonsignificant changes in BW. Both BNB and PCO reduced HC+HG-induced dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia; however, co-administration (BNB+PCO) demonstrated a significantly greater therapeutic effect in countering these conditions compared to either BNB or PCO alone. A similar effect of the BNB+PCO combination was observed on the elevation of plasma sulfhydryl content, paraoxonase (PON), and ferric ion reduction activity (FRA), with notably ~1.2-times (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher levels compared to their corresponding values observed in the BNB or PCO groups. Significantly diminished plasma AST, ALT, hepatic interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, and fatty liver changes were observed in response to BNB+PCO, compared to either BNB or PCO alone. Also, BNB+PCO displayed a higher curative effect against HC+HG-induced impairment of tissue regeneration than BNB or PCO alone. A notable effect of BNB+PCO was perceived in protecting kidneys, testis, and ovary damage. Consistently, BNB+PCO showed a profound impact on mitigating HC+HG elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and accumulation of brain-binding lipid proteins (BLBPs) and 4-hydroxynoneal (4-HNE) in the brain. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings highlight the synergistic effects of the BNB and PCO combination to mitigate the adversity posed by the consumption of the HC+HG diet.
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spelling doaj-art-d63fd5b8ef7045de8a24e103114ae3142025-08-20T03:27:25ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-06-0118686010.3390/ph18060860Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in ZebrafishKyung-Hyun Cho0Sang Hyuk Lee1Yunki Lee2Ashutosh Bahuguna3Ji-Eun Kim4Krismala Djayanti5Cheolmin Jeon6Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea<b>Background</b>: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of a dietary regimen of banaba leaf extract (BNB), policosanol (PCO, Raydel<sup>®</sup>), and their combination (BNB+PCO), to mitigate high cholesterol (HC) and high galactose (HG) diet-induced dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, senescence, and organ damage in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). <b>Methodology</b>: Zebrafish (<i>n</i> = 28/group) were fed with HC (4% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)+HG (30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) or HC+HG supplemented either with BNB (0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) or PCO (0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) or BNB+PCO (0.1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> each). Following 6 weeks of dietary intervention, biochemical and histopathological examinations across the groups were performed. <b>Results</b>: Post 6 weeks of consumption, the BNB+PCO group exhibited a significant 40% decrease in body weight (BW) relative to the BW of the HC+HG group, while the BNB or PCO groups displayed nonsignificant changes in BW. Both BNB and PCO reduced HC+HG-induced dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia; however, co-administration (BNB+PCO) demonstrated a significantly greater therapeutic effect in countering these conditions compared to either BNB or PCO alone. A similar effect of the BNB+PCO combination was observed on the elevation of plasma sulfhydryl content, paraoxonase (PON), and ferric ion reduction activity (FRA), with notably ~1.2-times (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher levels compared to their corresponding values observed in the BNB or PCO groups. Significantly diminished plasma AST, ALT, hepatic interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, and fatty liver changes were observed in response to BNB+PCO, compared to either BNB or PCO alone. Also, BNB+PCO displayed a higher curative effect against HC+HG-induced impairment of tissue regeneration than BNB or PCO alone. A notable effect of BNB+PCO was perceived in protecting kidneys, testis, and ovary damage. Consistently, BNB+PCO showed a profound impact on mitigating HC+HG elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and accumulation of brain-binding lipid proteins (BLBPs) and 4-hydroxynoneal (4-HNE) in the brain. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings highlight the synergistic effects of the BNB and PCO combination to mitigate the adversity posed by the consumption of the HC+HG diet.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/6/860corosolic acidpolicosanoldyslipidemiagalactose4-hydroxynonealinflammation
spellingShingle Kyung-Hyun Cho
Sang Hyuk Lee
Yunki Lee
Ashutosh Bahuguna
Ji-Eun Kim
Krismala Djayanti
Cheolmin Jeon
Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in Zebrafish
Pharmaceuticals
corosolic acid
policosanol
dyslipidemia
galactose
4-hydroxynoneal
inflammation
title Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in Zebrafish
title_full Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in Zebrafish
title_fullStr Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in Zebrafish
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in Zebrafish
title_short Synergistic Effect of Banaba Leaf Extract and Policosanol (Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Ameliorate High Cholesterol and High Galactose-Diet Induced Adverse Events in Zebrafish
title_sort synergistic effect of banaba leaf extract and policosanol raydel sup r sup ameliorate high cholesterol and high galactose diet induced adverse events in zebrafish
topic corosolic acid
policosanol
dyslipidemia
galactose
4-hydroxynoneal
inflammation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/6/860
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