Compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate
Abstract We explore the use of micro-transfer printing (µTP) technology to integrate thin lithium niobate (LN) films onto silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides, facilitating the development of compact electro-optical modulators. Three modulator architectures are investigated: Mach-Zehnder interferometer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95397-w |
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| author | S. Hadi Badri Maria V. Kotlyar Risov Das Yeasir Arafat Owen Moynihan Brian Corbett Liam O’Faolain Samir Ghosh |
| author_facet | S. Hadi Badri Maria V. Kotlyar Risov Das Yeasir Arafat Owen Moynihan Brian Corbett Liam O’Faolain Samir Ghosh |
| author_sort | S. Hadi Badri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We explore the use of micro-transfer printing (µTP) technology to integrate thin lithium niobate (LN) films onto silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides, facilitating the development of compact electro-optical modulators. Three modulator architectures are investigated: Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator, and side-coupled FP resonators. By acting as a photonic molecule, the proposed coupled FP resonators enable improved spectral engineering with new functionalities while maximizing the transmission and quality-factor (Q-factor) of the resonances. Design, simulations, fabrication method, and experimental results are presented, demonstrating the potential of µTP in advancing electro-optical modulators. The half-wave voltage-length product (V π L) of the fabricated devices decreases as the Q-factor increases achieving V π L = 10.5, 4.3, and 2.74 V.cm for MZI, FP, and photonic molecule modulators, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d6397d44f95e437eaf51baa30a954371 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-d6397d44f95e437eaf51baa30a9543712025-08-20T03:07:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-95397-wCompact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobateS. Hadi Badri0Maria V. Kotlyar1Risov Das2Yeasir Arafat3Owen Moynihan4Brian Corbett5Liam O’Faolain6Samir Ghosh7Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological UniversityCentre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological UniversityTyndall National InstituteTyndall National InstituteTyndall National InstituteTyndall National InstituteCentre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis, Munster Technological UniversityTyndall National InstituteAbstract We explore the use of micro-transfer printing (µTP) technology to integrate thin lithium niobate (LN) films onto silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides, facilitating the development of compact electro-optical modulators. Three modulator architectures are investigated: Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator, and side-coupled FP resonators. By acting as a photonic molecule, the proposed coupled FP resonators enable improved spectral engineering with new functionalities while maximizing the transmission and quality-factor (Q-factor) of the resonances. Design, simulations, fabrication method, and experimental results are presented, demonstrating the potential of µTP in advancing electro-optical modulators. The half-wave voltage-length product (V π L) of the fabricated devices decreases as the Q-factor increases achieving V π L = 10.5, 4.3, and 2.74 V.cm for MZI, FP, and photonic molecule modulators, respectively.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95397-w |
| spellingShingle | S. Hadi Badri Maria V. Kotlyar Risov Das Yeasir Arafat Owen Moynihan Brian Corbett Liam O’Faolain Samir Ghosh Compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate Scientific Reports |
| title | Compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate |
| title_full | Compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate |
| title_fullStr | Compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate |
| title_short | Compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro-transfer printing of thin-film lithium niobate |
| title_sort | compact modulators on silicon nitride waveguide platform via micro transfer printing of thin film lithium niobate |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95397-w |
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