A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, caused by external compression of the third part of the duodenum by the SMA. It may be associated with the Nutcracker phenomenon: external compression of the left renal vein. To our knowledge, there are few re...

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Main Authors: Rebecca Nunn, Jaimie Henry, Alistair A. P. Slesser, Rukshan Fernando, Nebil Behar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2015-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Surgery
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/649469
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author Rebecca Nunn
Jaimie Henry
Alistair A. P. Slesser
Rukshan Fernando
Nebil Behar
author_facet Rebecca Nunn
Jaimie Henry
Alistair A. P. Slesser
Rukshan Fernando
Nebil Behar
author_sort Rebecca Nunn
collection DOAJ
description Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, caused by external compression of the third part of the duodenum by the SMA. It may be associated with the Nutcracker phenomenon: external compression of the left renal vein. To our knowledge, there are few reports in the literature describing the coexistence of these two conditions and so we take this opportunity to highlight a rare cause of the acute abdomen that might otherwise be overlooked in cases of nonspecific abdominal findings and potentially unremarkable initial investigations. We report a case of SMA syndrome and Nutcracker phenomenon in a 19-year-old female who presented to our emergency department with a short history of epigastric pain and emesis. The SMA syndrome is thought to develop as the result of an abnormally narrow angle between the proximal SMA and the aorta, for which a number of predisposing factors have been described. Surgical options exist; however, the SMA syndrome is typically managed conservatively in the first instance, consistent with the approach described in this case. The Nutcracker phenomenon may give rise to the Nutcracker syndrome in the presence of typical clinical manifestations; however, these did not feature in this case.
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spelling doaj-art-d62ee0d936b74f3bb947ea4e3d8ddcfe2025-08-20T02:19:38ZengWileyCase Reports in Surgery2090-69002090-69192015-01-01201510.1155/2015/649469649469A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker PhenomenonRebecca Nunn0Jaimie Henry1Alistair A. P. Slesser2Rukshan Fernando3Nebil Behar4Department of General Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UKDepartment of General Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UKDepartment of General Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UKDepartment of Radiology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UKDepartment of General Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UKSuperior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, caused by external compression of the third part of the duodenum by the SMA. It may be associated with the Nutcracker phenomenon: external compression of the left renal vein. To our knowledge, there are few reports in the literature describing the coexistence of these two conditions and so we take this opportunity to highlight a rare cause of the acute abdomen that might otherwise be overlooked in cases of nonspecific abdominal findings and potentially unremarkable initial investigations. We report a case of SMA syndrome and Nutcracker phenomenon in a 19-year-old female who presented to our emergency department with a short history of epigastric pain and emesis. The SMA syndrome is thought to develop as the result of an abnormally narrow angle between the proximal SMA and the aorta, for which a number of predisposing factors have been described. Surgical options exist; however, the SMA syndrome is typically managed conservatively in the first instance, consistent with the approach described in this case. The Nutcracker phenomenon may give rise to the Nutcracker syndrome in the presence of typical clinical manifestations; however, these did not feature in this case.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/649469
spellingShingle Rebecca Nunn
Jaimie Henry
Alistair A. P. Slesser
Rukshan Fernando
Nebil Behar
A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon
Case Reports in Surgery
title A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon
title_full A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon
title_fullStr A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon
title_full_unstemmed A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon
title_short A Model Example: Coexisting Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome and the Nutcracker Phenomenon
title_sort model example coexisting superior mesenteric artery syndrome and the nutcracker phenomenon
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/649469
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