Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Commercial probiotics are often formulated as multi‐strain cocktails, but the effects of social interactions, particularly between strains of a species, are often neglected, despite their potential to contribute to higher‐order interactions where these interactions could affect those with a...

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Main Authors: Eva Kovačec, Barbara Kraigher, Eli Podnar, Bram Lories, Hans Steenackers, Ines Mandic‐Mulec
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:Microbial Biotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70065
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author Eva Kovačec
Barbara Kraigher
Eli Podnar
Bram Lories
Hans Steenackers
Ines Mandic‐Mulec
author_facet Eva Kovačec
Barbara Kraigher
Eli Podnar
Bram Lories
Hans Steenackers
Ines Mandic‐Mulec
author_sort Eva Kovačec
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Commercial probiotics are often formulated as multi‐strain cocktails, but the effects of social interactions, particularly between strains of a species, are often neglected, despite their potential to contribute to higher‐order interactions where these interactions could affect those with a third party. In this study, we investigated the probiotic potential of a collection of Bacillus subtilis strains against Salmonella Typhimurium in single‐strain and mixed cultures. The results indicate a promising probiotic potential of B. subtilis as 38 out of 39 strains significantly inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium. Next, we tested the effect of mixing B. subtilis strains that differ in their inhibitory potency against S. Typhimurium. The results show that strong inhibition by one strain can be significantly reduced by mixing with a less effective strain. Moreover, mixing similarly effective strains mostly resulted in a decreased growth inhibition of the pathogen. Additionally, we found a group of highly aggressive strains, which completely eliminated other B. subtilis strains in the two‐strain mixtures. Overall, this work shows that intraspecies interactions between B. subtilis strains can significantly alter the probiotic effect against S. Typhimurium, which is of great importance for future research on the development of multi‐strain probiotics.
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spelling doaj-art-d62612c444984ea28400df07c51c19c22025-08-20T02:50:47ZengWileyMicrobial Biotechnology1751-79152024-12-011712n/an/a10.1111/1751-7915.70065Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella TyphimuriumEva Kovačec0Barbara Kraigher1Eli Podnar2Bram Lories3Hans Steenackers4Ines Mandic‐Mulec5Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana SloveniaDepartment of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana SloveniaDepartment of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana SloveniaDepartment of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) KU Leuven Leuven BelgiumDepartment of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG) KU Leuven Leuven BelgiumDepartment of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana SloveniaABSTRACT Commercial probiotics are often formulated as multi‐strain cocktails, but the effects of social interactions, particularly between strains of a species, are often neglected, despite their potential to contribute to higher‐order interactions where these interactions could affect those with a third party. In this study, we investigated the probiotic potential of a collection of Bacillus subtilis strains against Salmonella Typhimurium in single‐strain and mixed cultures. The results indicate a promising probiotic potential of B. subtilis as 38 out of 39 strains significantly inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium. Next, we tested the effect of mixing B. subtilis strains that differ in their inhibitory potency against S. Typhimurium. The results show that strong inhibition by one strain can be significantly reduced by mixing with a less effective strain. Moreover, mixing similarly effective strains mostly resulted in a decreased growth inhibition of the pathogen. Additionally, we found a group of highly aggressive strains, which completely eliminated other B. subtilis strains in the two‐strain mixtures. Overall, this work shows that intraspecies interactions between B. subtilis strains can significantly alter the probiotic effect against S. Typhimurium, which is of great importance for future research on the development of multi‐strain probiotics.https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70065Bacillus subtilishigher‐order interactionsintraspecies interactionsmulti‐strain probioticprobioticsSalmonella enterica Typhimurium
spellingShingle Eva Kovačec
Barbara Kraigher
Eli Podnar
Bram Lories
Hans Steenackers
Ines Mandic‐Mulec
Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella Typhimurium
Microbial Biotechnology
Bacillus subtilis
higher‐order interactions
intraspecies interactions
multi‐strain probiotic
probiotics
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium
title Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella Typhimurium
title_full Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella Typhimurium
title_fullStr Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella Typhimurium
title_full_unstemmed Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella Typhimurium
title_short Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies Interactions Shape Probiotic Activity Against Salmonella Typhimurium
title_sort bacillus subtilis intraspecies interactions shape probiotic activity against salmonella typhimurium
topic Bacillus subtilis
higher‐order interactions
intraspecies interactions
multi‐strain probiotic
probiotics
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium
url https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.70065
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