Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy

Abstract Objective No studies have assessed the correlation between preoperative medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and subchondral bone marrow edema (BME) or which factor influences the outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). The present study aimed to determine the influen...

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Main Authors: Haojun Zhang, Hengzhi Liu, Lei Zhang, Zhenglin Di, Ming Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05656-9
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author Haojun Zhang
Hengzhi Liu
Lei Zhang
Zhenglin Di
Ming Li
author_facet Haojun Zhang
Hengzhi Liu
Lei Zhang
Zhenglin Di
Ming Li
author_sort Haojun Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective No studies have assessed the correlation between preoperative medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and subchondral bone marrow edema (BME) or which factor influences the outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). The present study aimed to determine the influence of preoperative MME and BME on outcomes after MOWHTO. Methods This study included 151 patients between January 2019 and January 2022 with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. MME was classified into 2 groups according to the presence of pathologic MME (≥ 3 mm). BME was graded into 4 groups according to the lesion volume based on the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) criteria. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Knee Society Score (KSS). Results The mean ± standard deviation preoperative MME for all patients was 3.6 ± 1.9 mm. A total of 103 patients (68.2%) had pathologic MME. MME significantly increased with increasing BME grade. Those with pathologic MME showed significantly worse outcomes in terms of the WOMAC and KSS for pain and function and HSS score than those without pathologic MME at 1 and 2 years postoperatively (all p < 0.05). A total of 122 patients (80.8%) had BME. Among the 151 patients, 29 (19.2%), 61 (40.4%), 42 (27.8%), and 19 (12.6%) were classified as having an MOAKS of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with significant differences in the preoperative WOMAC and KSS for pain and function and HSS score among these 4 groups (all P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in these indices at 1 or 2 years postoperatively (all P > 0.05). Only MME correlated with worse clinical outcomes in univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate (p < 0.001) analyses. Conclusions Short-term clinical outcomes were worse for patients with preoperative MME greater than 3 mm than for those with preoperative MME less than 3 mm. There were no correlations between preoperative subchondral BME severity and postoperative outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-d620bada85a249bb96419b3c754703d02025-08-20T03:10:18ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-04-0120111310.1186/s13018-025-05656-9Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomyHaojun Zhang0Hengzhi Liu1Lei Zhang2Zhenglin Di3Ming Li4Department of Joint Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Joint Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 HospitalDepartment of Joint Surgery, Ningbo No. 6 HospitalAbstract Objective No studies have assessed the correlation between preoperative medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and subchondral bone marrow edema (BME) or which factor influences the outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). The present study aimed to determine the influence of preoperative MME and BME on outcomes after MOWHTO. Methods This study included 151 patients between January 2019 and January 2022 with a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. MME was classified into 2 groups according to the presence of pathologic MME (≥ 3 mm). BME was graded into 4 groups according to the lesion volume based on the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) criteria. Clinical outcomes were assessed with the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Knee Society Score (KSS). Results The mean ± standard deviation preoperative MME for all patients was 3.6 ± 1.9 mm. A total of 103 patients (68.2%) had pathologic MME. MME significantly increased with increasing BME grade. Those with pathologic MME showed significantly worse outcomes in terms of the WOMAC and KSS for pain and function and HSS score than those without pathologic MME at 1 and 2 years postoperatively (all p < 0.05). A total of 122 patients (80.8%) had BME. Among the 151 patients, 29 (19.2%), 61 (40.4%), 42 (27.8%), and 19 (12.6%) were classified as having an MOAKS of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with significant differences in the preoperative WOMAC and KSS for pain and function and HSS score among these 4 groups (all P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in these indices at 1 or 2 years postoperatively (all P > 0.05). Only MME correlated with worse clinical outcomes in univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate (p < 0.001) analyses. Conclusions Short-term clinical outcomes were worse for patients with preoperative MME greater than 3 mm than for those with preoperative MME less than 3 mm. There were no correlations between preoperative subchondral BME severity and postoperative outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05656-9Medial meniscus extrusionSubchondral bone marrow edemaHigh tibial osteotomy
spellingShingle Haojun Zhang
Hengzhi Liu
Lei Zhang
Zhenglin Di
Ming Li
Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Medial meniscus extrusion
Subchondral bone marrow edema
High tibial osteotomy
title Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
title_full Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
title_fullStr Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
title_full_unstemmed Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
title_short Influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
title_sort influence of preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and subchondral bone marrow edema on outcomes after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
topic Medial meniscus extrusion
Subchondral bone marrow edema
High tibial osteotomy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05656-9
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