Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors

Current evidence suggests sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) do not consistently improve patient physical function, despite improvements in clinical symptoms and reductions in both adiposity and body weight. We highlight heterogenous methodologies in SGLT2i physical function trials....

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Main Authors: Cian Sutcliffe, Jack A. Sargeant, Thomas Yates, Melanie J. Davies, Luke A. Baker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Systems Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsysb.2025.1593229/full
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author Cian Sutcliffe
Cian Sutcliffe
Jack A. Sargeant
Jack A. Sargeant
Thomas Yates
Thomas Yates
Melanie J. Davies
Melanie J. Davies
Luke A. Baker
Luke A. Baker
author_facet Cian Sutcliffe
Cian Sutcliffe
Jack A. Sargeant
Jack A. Sargeant
Thomas Yates
Thomas Yates
Melanie J. Davies
Melanie J. Davies
Luke A. Baker
Luke A. Baker
author_sort Cian Sutcliffe
collection DOAJ
description Current evidence suggests sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) do not consistently improve patient physical function, despite improvements in clinical symptoms and reductions in both adiposity and body weight. We highlight heterogenous methodologies in SGLT2i physical function trials. We then provide context to these findings by collating new data which describes how reduced glycaemia with SGLT2i alters numerous physiological processes and discuss how these alterations may diminish or prevent expected functional improvements. Alterations include changes to energy homeostasis, pancreatic hormones, muscle metabolism, physical activity, and appetite regulation. Current evidence in humans is limited and the mechanistic interaction between SGLT2i, skeletal muscle, and physical function remains incompletely understood. Future investigations must embed comprehensive molecular techniques within suitably designed clinical trials to determine how skeletal muscle health and patient mobility is influenced by acute and long term SGLT2i prescription.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-d60a549489384fb9b65a9bebd33aeff72025-08-20T02:17:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Systems Biology2674-07022025-05-01510.3389/fsysb.2025.15932291593229Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitorsCian Sutcliffe0Cian Sutcliffe1Jack A. Sargeant2Jack A. Sargeant3Thomas Yates4Thomas Yates5Melanie J. Davies6Melanie J. Davies7Luke A. Baker8Luke A. Baker9Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United KingdomDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United KingdomDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United KingdomDepartment of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United KingdomCurrent evidence suggests sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) do not consistently improve patient physical function, despite improvements in clinical symptoms and reductions in both adiposity and body weight. We highlight heterogenous methodologies in SGLT2i physical function trials. We then provide context to these findings by collating new data which describes how reduced glycaemia with SGLT2i alters numerous physiological processes and discuss how these alterations may diminish or prevent expected functional improvements. Alterations include changes to energy homeostasis, pancreatic hormones, muscle metabolism, physical activity, and appetite regulation. Current evidence in humans is limited and the mechanistic interaction between SGLT2i, skeletal muscle, and physical function remains incompletely understood. Future investigations must embed comprehensive molecular techniques within suitably designed clinical trials to determine how skeletal muscle health and patient mobility is influenced by acute and long term SGLT2i prescription.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsysb.2025.1593229/fullSGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitorGlucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonistphysical functionskeletal muscleglucose lowering medicationmobility and ageing
spellingShingle Cian Sutcliffe
Cian Sutcliffe
Jack A. Sargeant
Jack A. Sargeant
Thomas Yates
Thomas Yates
Melanie J. Davies
Melanie J. Davies
Luke A. Baker
Luke A. Baker
Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors
Frontiers in Systems Biology
SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitor
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist
physical function
skeletal muscle
glucose lowering medication
mobility and ageing
title Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors
title_full Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors
title_fullStr Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors
title_short Exploring the disconnect: mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with SGLT2 inhibitors
title_sort exploring the disconnect mechanisms underpinning the absence of physical function improvement with sglt2 inhibitors
topic SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitor
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist
physical function
skeletal muscle
glucose lowering medication
mobility and ageing
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsysb.2025.1593229/full
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