Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Oleoresin
A 45-day feeding study was carried out to assess the immune-stimulatory effects of capsicum oleoresin when added to rainbow trout diets. A total of 450 fish (mean weight: 155.20 ± 1.96 g) were distributed into 400 L tanks (30 fish/tank) across five experimental groups: control (CT, 0%), C7 (0.7%), C...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Sevdan Yilmaz Osman Nezih Kenanoğlu Sebahattin Ergün Ekrem Şanver Çelik Mert Gürkan Elsayed Eldeeb Mehana Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif |
| author_facet | Sevdan Yilmaz Osman Nezih Kenanoğlu Sebahattin Ergün Ekrem Şanver Çelik Mert Gürkan Elsayed Eldeeb Mehana Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif |
| author_sort | Sevdan Yilmaz |
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| description | A 45-day feeding study was carried out to assess the immune-stimulatory effects of capsicum oleoresin when added to rainbow trout diets. A total of 450 fish (mean weight: 155.20 ± 1.96 g) were distributed into 400 L tanks (30 fish/tank) across five experimental groups: control (CT, 0%), C7 (0.7%), C14 (1.4%), C21 (2.1%), and C28 (2.8%). Each group consisted of three replicate tanks. At the end of this period, hemato-biochemical parameters, innate immune responses, and immune-related gene expression levels were evaluated, and a histological examination of head kidney and liver sections was conducted. Finally, fish in all groups were challenged with <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and observed for an additional 20 days. The results revealed that oleoresin supplementation enhanced the immune responses of the treated fish, which was evidenced by the increased globulin, total protein, respiratory burst activity, and total immunoglobulin levels. The highest expression levels of the <i>il-8</i>, <i>il-1β</i>, <i>TGF-β</i>, and <i>SAA</i> genes was noticed in the C7 group, as compared with the results for the other groups. The <i>IgT</i> gene expression levels were higher in all experimental groups than in the CT group, and this increase was at the highest level in the C28 group. Following the bacterial challenge, all experimental groups displayed higher survival rates compared to that of the CT group. These values were 75.93, 72.22, 46.30, 33.33, and 29.63% in the C7, C14, C21, C28, and CT groups, respectively, with the C7 group displaying the highest survival rate among the groups. The histological examination of liver and head kidney tissues revealed that higher doses (in the C21 and C28 groups) showed an increase in cytoplasmic vacuolization, which causes adverse effects on fish health. However, the C7 group displayed normal histological structure in both tissues. Taken together, the most favorable immune responses were achieved in the C7 group, suggesting that 0.7% oleoresin could be applied to rainbow trout to boost immunity and protect the fish from diseases. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d6036d964a004abbb412fab5c618f07c2025-08-20T01:55:27ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-11-011423340210.3390/ani14233402Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) OleoresinSevdan Yilmaz0Osman Nezih Kenanoğlu1Sebahattin Ergün2Ekrem Şanver Çelik3Mert Gürkan4Elsayed Eldeeb Mehana5Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif6Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, TürkiyeDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37150, TürkiyeDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, TürkiyeDepartment of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, TürkiyeDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, TürkiyeDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, EgyptDepartment of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, EgyptA 45-day feeding study was carried out to assess the immune-stimulatory effects of capsicum oleoresin when added to rainbow trout diets. A total of 450 fish (mean weight: 155.20 ± 1.96 g) were distributed into 400 L tanks (30 fish/tank) across five experimental groups: control (CT, 0%), C7 (0.7%), C14 (1.4%), C21 (2.1%), and C28 (2.8%). Each group consisted of three replicate tanks. At the end of this period, hemato-biochemical parameters, innate immune responses, and immune-related gene expression levels were evaluated, and a histological examination of head kidney and liver sections was conducted. Finally, fish in all groups were challenged with <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> and observed for an additional 20 days. The results revealed that oleoresin supplementation enhanced the immune responses of the treated fish, which was evidenced by the increased globulin, total protein, respiratory burst activity, and total immunoglobulin levels. The highest expression levels of the <i>il-8</i>, <i>il-1β</i>, <i>TGF-β</i>, and <i>SAA</i> genes was noticed in the C7 group, as compared with the results for the other groups. The <i>IgT</i> gene expression levels were higher in all experimental groups than in the CT group, and this increase was at the highest level in the C28 group. Following the bacterial challenge, all experimental groups displayed higher survival rates compared to that of the CT group. These values were 75.93, 72.22, 46.30, 33.33, and 29.63% in the C7, C14, C21, C28, and CT groups, respectively, with the C7 group displaying the highest survival rate among the groups. The histological examination of liver and head kidney tissues revealed that higher doses (in the C21 and C28 groups) showed an increase in cytoplasmic vacuolization, which causes adverse effects on fish health. However, the C7 group displayed normal histological structure in both tissues. Taken together, the most favorable immune responses were achieved in the C7 group, suggesting that 0.7% oleoresin could be applied to rainbow trout to boost immunity and protect the fish from diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3402Capsicumhematologychallengeimmunitygene expression |
| spellingShingle | Sevdan Yilmaz Osman Nezih Kenanoğlu Sebahattin Ergün Ekrem Şanver Çelik Mert Gürkan Elsayed Eldeeb Mehana Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Oleoresin Animals Capsicum hematology challenge immunity gene expression |
| title | Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Oleoresin |
| title_full | Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Oleoresin |
| title_fullStr | Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Oleoresin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Oleoresin |
| title_short | Immunological Responses, Expression of Immune-Related Genes, and Disease Resistance of Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) Fed Diets Supplied with Capsicum (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) Oleoresin |
| title_sort | immunological responses expression of immune related genes and disease resistance of rainbow trout i oncorhynchus mykiss i fed diets supplied with capsicum i capsicum annuum i oleoresin |
| topic | Capsicum hematology challenge immunity gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3402 |
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