Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language
Background and Objectives: Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to specific behaviors or minor deficits in social/communication skills not meeting the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The BAP Questionnaire (BAPQ) measures aloof personality (AP), rigid personality (RP), and pr...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aian.aian_147_24 |
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| author | Betsy Baby Sandhya Pushpagiri P Ravi Prasad Varma LS Saritha SJ Dhiya Shoba S Meera M Rekha Manju Mohan Soumya Sundaram |
| author_facet | Betsy Baby Sandhya Pushpagiri P Ravi Prasad Varma LS Saritha SJ Dhiya Shoba S Meera M Rekha Manju Mohan Soumya Sundaram |
| author_sort | Betsy Baby |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Objectives:
Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to specific behaviors or minor deficits in social/communication skills not meeting the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The BAP Questionnaire (BAPQ) measures aloof personality (AP), rigid personality (RP), and pragmatic language (PL) deficits of BAP. The study objective is to translate and validate BAPQ into Malayalam, a South Indian language, and to establish new cut-off scores for detecting BAP in the Indian population.
Methods:
BAPQ was translated into Malayalam (BAPQ-M), following which it was tested for reliability and internal consistency and factor analysis was conducted in 40 parents of ASD and neurotypical children. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis generated new cut-off scores.
Results:
The content validity index was ≥ 0.8 for each item. For the self and informant versions, Cronbach’s α was 0.753 and 0.807, respectively, while Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.953 (P < 0.001) and 0.918 (P < 0.001). The items demonstrated good communality (0.532–0.870), and on factor rotation, 12 components had eigenvalues > 1, which explained 72.3% of the total variance. The new cut-off scores for total estimate, AP, RP, and PL subscales were 2.60 (sensitivity 0.825; specificity 0.575; odds ratio [OR] 6.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28–17.84; P < 0.001), 2.60 (sensitivity 0.60; specificity 0.75; OR 4.50, 95% CI 1.73–11.70; P 0.002), 2.90 (sensitivity 0.8; specificity 0.475; OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.342–9.77; P 0.011), and 2.70 (sensitivity 0.5; specificity 0.825; OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.69–13.13; P 0.003), respectively.
Conclusions:
BAPQ-M has good psychometric properties for determining the presence of BAP among the people of Kerala, a South Indian state. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d5fd00c2816b44c78828830207d709bd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0972-2327 1998-3549 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology |
| spelling | doaj-art-d5fd00c2816b44c78828830207d709bd2025-01-06T14:22:14ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology0972-23271998-35492024-12-0127666867610.4103/aian.aian_147_24Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian LanguageBetsy BabySandhya PushpagiriP Ravi Prasad VarmaLS SarithaSJ DhiyaShoba S MeeraM RekhaManju MohanSoumya SundaramBackground and Objectives: Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) refers to specific behaviors or minor deficits in social/communication skills not meeting the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The BAP Questionnaire (BAPQ) measures aloof personality (AP), rigid personality (RP), and pragmatic language (PL) deficits of BAP. The study objective is to translate and validate BAPQ into Malayalam, a South Indian language, and to establish new cut-off scores for detecting BAP in the Indian population. Methods: BAPQ was translated into Malayalam (BAPQ-M), following which it was tested for reliability and internal consistency and factor analysis was conducted in 40 parents of ASD and neurotypical children. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis generated new cut-off scores. Results: The content validity index was ≥ 0.8 for each item. For the self and informant versions, Cronbach’s α was 0.753 and 0.807, respectively, while Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.953 (P < 0.001) and 0.918 (P < 0.001). The items demonstrated good communality (0.532–0.870), and on factor rotation, 12 components had eigenvalues > 1, which explained 72.3% of the total variance. The new cut-off scores for total estimate, AP, RP, and PL subscales were 2.60 (sensitivity 0.825; specificity 0.575; odds ratio [OR] 6.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28–17.84; P < 0.001), 2.60 (sensitivity 0.60; specificity 0.75; OR 4.50, 95% CI 1.73–11.70; P 0.002), 2.90 (sensitivity 0.8; specificity 0.475; OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.342–9.77; P 0.011), and 2.70 (sensitivity 0.5; specificity 0.825; OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.69–13.13; P 0.003), respectively. Conclusions: BAPQ-M has good psychometric properties for determining the presence of BAP among the people of Kerala, a South Indian state.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aian.aian_147_24broad autism phenotypebapqmalayalamtranslationvalidation |
| spellingShingle | Betsy Baby Sandhya Pushpagiri P Ravi Prasad Varma LS Saritha SJ Dhiya Shoba S Meera M Rekha Manju Mohan Soumya Sundaram Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology broad autism phenotype bapq malayalam translation validation |
| title | Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language |
| title_full | Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language |
| title_fullStr | Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language |
| title_full_unstemmed | Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language |
| title_short | Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire – Translation and Validation in a South Indian Language |
| title_sort | broad autism phenotype questionnaire translation and validation in a south indian language |
| topic | broad autism phenotype bapq malayalam translation validation |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aian.aian_147_24 |
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