An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo

Mastitis is a significant challenge in the buffalo industry, affecting both milk production and animal health and resulting in economic losses. This study presents the first fully automated AI-driven thermal imaging system integrated with robotic milking, specifically developed for the real-time, no...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Maria Teresa Verde, Mattia Fonisto, Flora Amato, Annalisa Liccardo, Roberta Matera, Gianluca Neglia, Francesco Bonavolontà
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4865
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849406264492163072
author Maria Teresa Verde
Mattia Fonisto
Flora Amato
Annalisa Liccardo
Roberta Matera
Gianluca Neglia
Francesco Bonavolontà
author_facet Maria Teresa Verde
Mattia Fonisto
Flora Amato
Annalisa Liccardo
Roberta Matera
Gianluca Neglia
Francesco Bonavolontà
author_sort Maria Teresa Verde
collection DOAJ
description Mastitis is a significant challenge in the buffalo industry, affecting both milk production and animal health and resulting in economic losses. This study presents the first fully automated AI-driven thermal imaging system integrated with robotic milking, specifically developed for the real-time, non-invasive monitoring of udder health in Italian Mediterranean buffalo. Unlike traditional approaches, the system leverages the synchronized acquisition of thermal images during milking and compensates for environmental variables through a calibrated weather station. A transformer-based neural network (SegFormer) segments the udder area, enabling the extraction of maximum udder skin surface temperature (USST), which is significantly correlated with somatic cell count (SCC). Initial trials demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in operational farm environments, paving the way for scalable, precision diagnostics of subclinical mastitis. This work represents a critical step toward intelligent, automated systems for early detection and intervention, improving animal welfare and reducing antibiotic use.
format Article
id doaj-art-d5d51bfc57d944969dd823cdffe2d845
institution Kabale University
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-d5d51bfc57d944969dd823cdffe2d8452025-08-20T03:36:26ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-08-012515486510.3390/s25154865An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean BuffaloMaria Teresa Verde0Mattia Fonisto1Flora Amato2Annalisa Liccardo3Roberta Matera4Gianluca Neglia5Francesco Bonavolontà6Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, ItalyMastitis is a significant challenge in the buffalo industry, affecting both milk production and animal health and resulting in economic losses. This study presents the first fully automated AI-driven thermal imaging system integrated with robotic milking, specifically developed for the real-time, non-invasive monitoring of udder health in Italian Mediterranean buffalo. Unlike traditional approaches, the system leverages the synchronized acquisition of thermal images during milking and compensates for environmental variables through a calibrated weather station. A transformer-based neural network (SegFormer) segments the udder area, enabling the extraction of maximum udder skin surface temperature (USST), which is significantly correlated with somatic cell count (SCC). Initial trials demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in operational farm environments, paving the way for scalable, precision diagnostics of subclinical mastitis. This work represents a critical step toward intelligent, automated systems for early detection and intervention, improving animal welfare and reducing antibiotic use.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4865infrared thermographyudder healthmachine learninginstrument and measurementsartificial intelligence (AI)early disease detection
spellingShingle Maria Teresa Verde
Mattia Fonisto
Flora Amato
Annalisa Liccardo
Roberta Matera
Gianluca Neglia
Francesco Bonavolontà
An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo
Sensors
infrared thermography
udder health
machine learning
instrument and measurements
artificial intelligence (AI)
early disease detection
title An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo
title_full An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo
title_fullStr An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo
title_full_unstemmed An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo
title_short An AI-Driven Multimodal Monitoring System for Early Mastitis Indicators in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo
title_sort ai driven multimodal monitoring system for early mastitis indicators in italian mediterranean buffalo
topic infrared thermography
udder health
machine learning
instrument and measurements
artificial intelligence (AI)
early disease detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4865
work_keys_str_mv AT mariateresaverde anaidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT mattiafonisto anaidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT floraamato anaidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT annalisaliccardo anaidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT robertamatera anaidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT gianlucaneglia anaidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT francescobonavolonta anaidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT mariateresaverde aidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT mattiafonisto aidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT floraamato aidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT annalisaliccardo aidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT robertamatera aidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT gianlucaneglia aidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo
AT francescobonavolonta aidrivenmultimodalmonitoringsystemforearlymastitisindicatorsinitalianmediterraneanbuffalo