Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future Outlook
Efficient, reliable, and low-cost mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are needed to meet the growing demands of many useful applications such as chemical sensing, environmental and greenhouse gas monitoring, detection of pipe leaks and explosives, food safety, medical diagnostics, and indus...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/155 |
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| author | Rui Q. Yang Michael B. Santos |
| author_facet | Rui Q. Yang Michael B. Santos |
| author_sort | Rui Q. Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Efficient, reliable, and low-cost mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are needed to meet the growing demands of many useful applications such as chemical sensing, environmental and greenhouse gas monitoring, detection of pipe leaks and explosives, food safety, medical diagnostics, and industrial process control. We review the developments and status of ICLs from a historic perspective, discuss the lessons learnt from experience, and suggest considerations for future research and development. This review endeavors to include the most representative aspects and activities of ICLs, but cannot possibly describe every contribution in the 30 years since the initiation of ICLs. We present an overall picture of the ICL architecture and connect the fundamental principle and underlying physics to future activities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d5d3acfb34844d4c83f9195c9bce7e24 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d5d3acfb34844d4c83f9195c9bce7e242025-08-20T02:44:32ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-02-0112215510.3390/photonics12020155Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future OutlookRui Q. Yang0Michael B. Santos1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USAHomer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USAEfficient, reliable, and low-cost mid-infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are needed to meet the growing demands of many useful applications such as chemical sensing, environmental and greenhouse gas monitoring, detection of pipe leaks and explosives, food safety, medical diagnostics, and industrial process control. We review the developments and status of ICLs from a historic perspective, discuss the lessons learnt from experience, and suggest considerations for future research and development. This review endeavors to include the most representative aspects and activities of ICLs, but cannot possibly describe every contribution in the 30 years since the initiation of ICLs. We present an overall picture of the ICL architecture and connect the fundamental principle and underlying physics to future activities.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/155interband cascadequantum wellsemiconductor lasersmid-infraredheterostructure |
| spellingShingle | Rui Q. Yang Michael B. Santos Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future Outlook Photonics interband cascade quantum well semiconductor lasers mid-infrared heterostructure |
| title | Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future Outlook |
| title_full | Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future Outlook |
| title_fullStr | Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future Outlook |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future Outlook |
| title_short | Interband Cascade Lasers from a Historic Perspective to a Future Outlook |
| title_sort | interband cascade lasers from a historic perspective to a future outlook |
| topic | interband cascade quantum well semiconductor lasers mid-infrared heterostructure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/155 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruiqyang interbandcascadelasersfromahistoricperspectivetoafutureoutlook AT michaelbsantos interbandcascadelasersfromahistoricperspectivetoafutureoutlook |