Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the Netherlands

In many places around the world, flood defenses—structures such as dams, levees, and dikes—have allowed societies to grow and thrive near bodies of water. However, adapting to intensifying climate change may require an alternative or additional flood management strategy for living with water , motiv...

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Main Authors: Caroline M Kraan, Marjolijn Haasnoot, Katharine J Mach
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Climate
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adafd5
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author Caroline M Kraan
Marjolijn Haasnoot
Katharine J Mach
author_facet Caroline M Kraan
Marjolijn Haasnoot
Katharine J Mach
author_sort Caroline M Kraan
collection DOAJ
description In many places around the world, flood defenses—structures such as dams, levees, and dikes—have allowed societies to grow and thrive near bodies of water. However, adapting to intensifying climate change may require an alternative or additional flood management strategy for living with water , motivated by both long-term flood risk reduction and other societal goals. Based on 43 interviews with climate adaptation experts in the Netherlands, we evaluate perspectives on living with water—or meebewegen in Dutch—including the degree to which living-with-water measures are expected to be implemented, their likely role as part of the Netherlands’ future flood risk management, and enablers and barriers. We find widespread agreement that many living-with-water measures will be implemented at large to very large scale, but find the most disagreement about the subset of living-with-water measures focused on retreat. We develop a typology that organizes the diverse set of perspectives on the future role of living with water into four quadrants, based on whether experts expect flood risk management to depend more on engineering flood defenses or living-with-water strategies, and on whether living-with-water strategies are viewed as socio-politically favorable or unfavorable. We identify spatial constraints, political leadership, living-with-water narratives, and misaligned incentives as factors shaping the barriers to and opportunities for living with water. Our research shows that, despite wildly differing perspectives about flood adaptation through living-with-water measures, points of agreement exist about limits of current adaptation strategies and some need for living with water strategies. These could be harnessed to enhance living with water where this new paradigm of water management emerges.
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spelling doaj-art-d5cfb14022294bad9e8465e1488fb95d2025-08-20T03:11:14ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Climate2752-52952025-01-014101500910.1088/2752-5295/adafd5Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the NetherlandsCaroline M Kraan0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-3348Marjolijn Haasnoot1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-4698Katharine J Mach2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-8148Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of America; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Key Biscayne, FL, United States of America; Deltares , Delft, The NetherlandsDeltares , Delft, The Netherlands; Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University , Utrecht, The NetherlandsLeonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of America; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Key Biscayne, FL, United States of AmericaIn many places around the world, flood defenses—structures such as dams, levees, and dikes—have allowed societies to grow and thrive near bodies of water. However, adapting to intensifying climate change may require an alternative or additional flood management strategy for living with water , motivated by both long-term flood risk reduction and other societal goals. Based on 43 interviews with climate adaptation experts in the Netherlands, we evaluate perspectives on living with water—or meebewegen in Dutch—including the degree to which living-with-water measures are expected to be implemented, their likely role as part of the Netherlands’ future flood risk management, and enablers and barriers. We find widespread agreement that many living-with-water measures will be implemented at large to very large scale, but find the most disagreement about the subset of living-with-water measures focused on retreat. We develop a typology that organizes the diverse set of perspectives on the future role of living with water into four quadrants, based on whether experts expect flood risk management to depend more on engineering flood defenses or living-with-water strategies, and on whether living-with-water strategies are viewed as socio-politically favorable or unfavorable. We identify spatial constraints, political leadership, living-with-water narratives, and misaligned incentives as factors shaping the barriers to and opportunities for living with water. Our research shows that, despite wildly differing perspectives about flood adaptation through living-with-water measures, points of agreement exist about limits of current adaptation strategies and some need for living with water strategies. These could be harnessed to enhance living with water where this new paradigm of water management emerges.https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adafd5climate change adaptationflood risk managementliving with watermanaged retreatmeebewegen
spellingShingle Caroline M Kraan
Marjolijn Haasnoot
Katharine J Mach
Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the Netherlands
Environmental Research: Climate
climate change adaptation
flood risk management
living with water
managed retreat
meebewegen
title Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the Netherlands
title_full Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the Netherlands
title_fullStr Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the Netherlands
title_short Expert perspectives on living with water (meebewegen) as climate adaptation in the Netherlands
title_sort expert perspectives on living with water meebewegen as climate adaptation in the netherlands
topic climate change adaptation
flood risk management
living with water
managed retreat
meebewegen
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adafd5
work_keys_str_mv AT carolinemkraan expertperspectivesonlivingwithwatermeebewegenasclimateadaptationinthenetherlands
AT marjolijnhaasnoot expertperspectivesonlivingwithwatermeebewegenasclimateadaptationinthenetherlands
AT katharinejmach expertperspectivesonlivingwithwatermeebewegenasclimateadaptationinthenetherlands