Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)

Abstract The essential oil from Zanthoxylum armatum (Prickly ash) fruit was evaluated for its insecticidal properties against the Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) with different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, 0.31, and 0.15%) in both a glass vial bioassay and in oil-treated maize grain. Th...

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Main Authors: Sunil Aryal, Ashmita Poudel, Kashinath Chiluwal, Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44447-025-00046-3
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author Sunil Aryal
Ashmita Poudel
Kashinath Chiluwal
Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya
author_facet Sunil Aryal
Ashmita Poudel
Kashinath Chiluwal
Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya
author_sort Sunil Aryal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The essential oil from Zanthoxylum armatum (Prickly ash) fruit was evaluated for its insecticidal properties against the Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) with different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, 0.31, and 0.15%) in both a glass vial bioassay and in oil-treated maize grain. The repellency effect of the oil was tested through a filter paper test. The results revealed that the lethal concentration (LC50) for the oil at 96 and 144 h was estimated as 11.6% (y = 0.97x-1.03) and 4.5% (y = 1.10x-0.721.03) percent concentration of oil. The lethal time (LT50) at the highest oil concentration (10%) was calculated as 13.84 h, whereas, it took approximately 197 h to achieve 50% mortality at the lowest concentration in the glass vial bioassay. In essential oil treated maize bioassay experiment, a concentration of 0.01% of the oil (y = 0.56x + 0.41) was sufficient to kill 50% of the tested maize weevils within 10 days. Repellency tests exhibit strong deterrent effect of 97.5% repellency with 10% concentration after 24 h, while the lowest concentration (0.15%) repelled around 55% of the weevils. The results suggest that Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil could be an effective natural compound for managing maize weevil in grain storage, which can be an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.
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spelling doaj-art-d5c150cf40ba40c1b3a26e55fdd8026b2025-08-24T11:07:01ZengElsevierJournal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences1658-077X2025-08-012451810.1007/s44447-025-00046-3Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)Sunil Aryal0Ashmita Poudel1Kashinath Chiluwal2Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya3Nepal Agricultural Research CouncilInstitute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Tribhuvan UniversityNepal Agricultural Research CouncilNepal Agricultural Research CouncilAbstract The essential oil from Zanthoxylum armatum (Prickly ash) fruit was evaluated for its insecticidal properties against the Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) with different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, 0.31, and 0.15%) in both a glass vial bioassay and in oil-treated maize grain. The repellency effect of the oil was tested through a filter paper test. The results revealed that the lethal concentration (LC50) for the oil at 96 and 144 h was estimated as 11.6% (y = 0.97x-1.03) and 4.5% (y = 1.10x-0.721.03) percent concentration of oil. The lethal time (LT50) at the highest oil concentration (10%) was calculated as 13.84 h, whereas, it took approximately 197 h to achieve 50% mortality at the lowest concentration in the glass vial bioassay. In essential oil treated maize bioassay experiment, a concentration of 0.01% of the oil (y = 0.56x + 0.41) was sufficient to kill 50% of the tested maize weevils within 10 days. Repellency tests exhibit strong deterrent effect of 97.5% repellency with 10% concentration after 24 h, while the lowest concentration (0.15%) repelled around 55% of the weevils. The results suggest that Zanthoxylum armatum essential oil could be an effective natural compound for managing maize weevil in grain storage, which can be an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44447-025-00046-3Median lethal concentrationMedian lethal timeBioassayMaize weevilMortalityRepellency
spellingShingle Sunil Aryal
Ashmita Poudel
Kashinath Chiluwal
Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya
Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences
Median lethal concentration
Median lethal time
Bioassay
Maize weevil
Mortality
Repellency
title Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
title_full Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
title_fullStr Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
title_full_unstemmed Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
title_short Toxic and repellent effect of Zanthoxylum armatum (Sapindales:Rutacae) essential oil to Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)
title_sort toxic and repellent effect of zanthoxylum armatum sapindales rutacae essential oil to sitophilus zeamais coleoptera curculionidae
topic Median lethal concentration
Median lethal time
Bioassay
Maize weevil
Mortality
Repellency
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44447-025-00046-3
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