Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract Background Primary retroperitoneal tumors are sporadic and most often malignant. Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumors are a very rare benign disease that occurs most often in female patients, especially in perimenopausal women. Its occurrence is often hormone-related. Most of...

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Main Authors: Min Xie, Hai-Long Huang, Xue-Mei Qing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Women's Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03879-w
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author Min Xie
Hai-Long Huang
Xue-Mei Qing
author_facet Min Xie
Hai-Long Huang
Xue-Mei Qing
author_sort Min Xie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Primary retroperitoneal tumors are sporadic and most often malignant. Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumors are a very rare benign disease that occurs most often in female patients, especially in perimenopausal women. Its occurrence is often hormone-related. Most of them are easily overlooked and misdiagnosed because of their early nonspecific clinical manifestations. The preoperative diagnosis and treatment of this condition present significant challenges. routine postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry are required to confirm the diagnosis. Case presentation The patient was a 34-year-old woman of childbearing age with no history of uterine fibroids, a history of one cesarean section, and no clinical symptoms. Imaging revealed a cystic solid mass of approximately 6.2 × 5.3 cm in the right adnexal region. Tumor markers suggested that the alpha-fetoprotein level was above the normal range, and all other indicators were within the normal range. On exploration, a solid mass of approximately 5.0 × 6.0 cm with an abundant blood supply and a smooth surface was observed in the pelvic retroperitoneal. The mass was completely excised. Anatomical pathology: pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration. Conclusion Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumors, although rare, should always be included in the diagnosis when a solid pelvic mass is discovered in a female patient.
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spelling doaj-art-d5be81ef27dc4ab49f6906dc79fea27f2025-08-20T03:45:32ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742025-07-012511710.1186/s12905-025-03879-wPrimary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literatureMin Xie0Hai-Long Huang1Xue-Mei Qing2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People’s HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People’s HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People’s HospitalAbstract Background Primary retroperitoneal tumors are sporadic and most often malignant. Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumors are a very rare benign disease that occurs most often in female patients, especially in perimenopausal women. Its occurrence is often hormone-related. Most of them are easily overlooked and misdiagnosed because of their early nonspecific clinical manifestations. The preoperative diagnosis and treatment of this condition present significant challenges. routine postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry are required to confirm the diagnosis. Case presentation The patient was a 34-year-old woman of childbearing age with no history of uterine fibroids, a history of one cesarean section, and no clinical symptoms. Imaging revealed a cystic solid mass of approximately 6.2 × 5.3 cm in the right adnexal region. Tumor markers suggested that the alpha-fetoprotein level was above the normal range, and all other indicators were within the normal range. On exploration, a solid mass of approximately 5.0 × 6.0 cm with an abundant blood supply and a smooth surface was observed in the pelvic retroperitoneal. The mass was completely excised. Anatomical pathology: pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration. Conclusion Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumors, although rare, should always be included in the diagnosis when a solid pelvic mass is discovered in a female patient.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03879-wPrimary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumorSmooth muscle tumor cystic degenerationAsymptomaticRetroperitoneal neoplasmCase report
spellingShingle Min Xie
Hai-Long Huang
Xue-Mei Qing
Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literature
BMC Women's Health
Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor
Smooth muscle tumor cystic degeneration
Asymptomatic
Retroperitoneal neoplasm
Case report
title Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literature
title_full Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literature
title_fullStr Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literature
title_full_unstemmed Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literature
title_short Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration: a case report and review of the literature
title_sort primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor with cystic degeneration a case report and review of the literature
topic Primary pelvic retroperitoneal smooth muscle tumor
Smooth muscle tumor cystic degeneration
Asymptomatic
Retroperitoneal neoplasm
Case report
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03879-w
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AT xuemeiqing primarypelvicretroperitonealsmoothmuscletumorwithcysticdegenerationacasereportandreviewoftheliterature